Le Secrétaire général demande instamment aux États de réfléchir aux causes de la tendance à contester le programme pour les femmes, la paix et la sécurité, malgré une efficacité avérée
On trouvera ci-après la déclaration du Secrétaire général de l’ONU, M. António Guterres, au débat public du Conseil de sécurité sur le programme pour les femmes et la paix et la sécurité, à New York, aujourd’hui:
Gender equality offers a path to sustainable peace and conflict prevention, and yet we are moving in the opposite direction.
Today’s conflicts are amplifying gender inequality, poverty, climate disruptions, and other forms of inequality.
Women and girls are affected differently and disproportionately by the violence, and by the long-term social and economic impacts of these cascading crises.
Millions of girls are out of school, with no prospect of training, a job, or financial independence. Rising numbers of women and girls are suffering from violence in the home.
In some countries, extremists and military actors have taken power by force, cancelling previous commitments on gender equality and persecuting women for simply going about their daily lives.
Around the world, the recent shift away from inclusive politics shows once again that misogyny and authoritarianism are mutually reinforcing, and are antithetical to stable, prosperous societies.
We meet several times a year on this issue. There is consensus among Member States on the importance of this agenda. I issue regular reports; this Council has passed several resolutions.
But on the ground, the situation is going backwards. The reason is simple.
Women’s equality is a question of power.
Today’s political deadlocks and entrenched conflicts are just the latest examples of how enduring power imbalances and patriarchy are continuing to fail us.
In Afghanistan, the Taliban have appointed a government of men, closed girls’ schools, banned women from showing their faces in public, and restricted their right even to leave their own homes. Nearly 20 million Afghan women and girls are being silenced and erased from sight.
In Myanmar, a large proportion of women’s organizations have been forced to close since the military coup. Offices were raided and ransacked; activists were detained. Many fled the country. Women cannot express themselves openly and have no route to political participation.
In Mali, women are becoming poorer and more marginalized as the country goes through successive military coups, and extremists pose an even greater threat.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has forced millions of women and children to flee their country overnight, putting them at risk of trafficking and exploitation of all kinds.
This Council heard last week that as of 3 June, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights had received 124 reports of conflict-related sexual violence across Ukraine, mostly committed against women and girls.
And we know that for every woman who reports these horrific crimes, there are likely to be many more who remain silent, or unrecorded.
Women refugees are taking on leadership roles and supporting the response in host countries. Inside Ukraine, women who chose not to evacuate are at the forefront of healthcare and social support. It is important that Ukrainian women participate fully in all mediation efforts.
In Sudan, two years after women’s role in the revolution was celebrated, another coup interrupted the transition and dashed those hopes. Alleged perpetrators of human rights violations remain in power; key reforms are delayed; and violence against women continues.
In all these conflicts we have men in power and women excluded, their rights and freedoms deliberately targeted.
When conflict erupts, neighboring countries and regional organizations can make a significant difference to the women, peace and security agenda, by ensuring that commitments are implemented.
So I am pleased that we are joined today by representatives from the European Union, the African Union, the League of Arab States and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Our collaboration with these organizations on the women, peace and security agenda is reflected not only in joint statements and resolutions, but in our daily work on the ground.
In Sudan, for example, we are working closely with the African Union and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, through a trilateral mechanism to steer the political process back to an agreed and legitimate constitutional order.
As they have launched intra-Sudanese talks, all three envoys have asked every delegation to ensure that at least 40 per cent of participants are women.
We have also supported the formation of a stand-alone group of women from all regions of Sudan with a background on gender equality and experience working on women’s rights at the local level, to bring women’s perspectives to the political talks.
I urge regional organizations to strengthen their engagement with this group.
In West and Central Africa, we are working closely with both the Economic Community of West African States and the Economic Community of Central African States. Our collaboration on women, peace and security extends to joint planning and programming and joint engagement with civil society platforms to ensure women are involved in early warning and mediation.
We have also been deepening our collaboration with the Association of Southeast Nations on these issues over the past five years.
This will be crucial to finding a solution to the crisis in Myanmar that reflects the needs of all the country’s people including women in the diaspora, and in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh.
L’Organisation des Nations Unies continue de montrer son engagement en faveur des femmes et des organisations de la société civile qui œuvrent pour la paix à travers nos missions politiques et de consolidation de la paix, déployées dans le monde entier.
En Afghanistan, nous défendons sans ambiguïté les droits fondamentaux des femmes et des filles, notamment le droit de terminer leur éducation et d’exercer une profession. Je félicite le Conseil pour son appui unanime en ce sens.
Dans le cadre de toutes nos missions politiques et de maintien de la paix, nous continuons de venir en aide aux personnes qui ont subi des violences sexuelles et d’investir dans des partenariats avec des dirigeantes et des artisanes de la paix au niveau local, y compris en augmentant le nombre de femmes dans les effectifs à tous les niveaux.
Nous œuvrons notamment au maintien de la parité atteinte début 2021 aux échelons les plus élevés, soit aux rangs de chef et chef adjoint de mission.
Il est essentiel de soutenir les rescapées des violences sexuelles ainsi que les militantes et les artisanes de la paix. Les faits montrent de plus en plus clairement que la protection des droits des femmes, notamment leur droit à une participation égale à tous les niveaux, est essentielle pour la consolidation et le maintien de la paix.
La participation des femmes aux activités de médiation et à la prise de décisions est essentielle au règlement des conflits. Leurs analyses sont indispensables pour comprendre la dynamique des conflits et élaborer des stratégies efficaces de prévention et d’intervention. Des études montrent également que la participation active des femmes à la consolidation de la paix augmente les chances de parvenir à une paix durable.
C’est pourquoi nous devons atteindre une parité totale dans les domaines de la surveillance des élections, de la réforme du secteur de la sécurité, du désarmement et de la démobilisation, ainsi que dans les systèmes judiciaires – y compris par l’établissement de quotas.
C’est l’une des raisons pour lesquelles mon projet de « Nouvel Agenda pour la paix », qui est présenté dans mon rapport sur « Notre Programme commun », place les femmes et les filles au cœur des politiques de sécurité.
Mais malgré une efficacité qui n’est plus à prouver, le programme pour les femmes et la paix et la sécurité continue d’être contesté –et même de subir des revers– à travers le monde.
Je demande instamment aux membres du Conseil et à tous les États Membres de réfléchir aux causes de cette tendance.
Alors même que l’importance du rôle des femmes à la table des négociations semble faire consensus, je vous exhorte à vous interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles il existe toujours un écart aussi béant dans la participation, ainsi que dans le respect des engagements pris en faveur de la protection des femmes, de leurs droits humains et de leur dignité.
Je vous invite à vous engager à accroître le soutien apporté aux femmes de la société civile ainsi qu’à leurs efforts de prévention des conflits et de consolidation de la paix.
À l’heure où les crises se multiplient, la communauté internationale doit poursuivre des stratégies qui ont fait leurs preuves pour le maintien de la paix et de la stabilité.
La protection et la promotion des droits des femmes en font partie.
Le programme pour les femmes et la paix et la sécurité constitue l’un de nos meilleurs atouts pour bâtir un avenir plus pacifique sur une planète viable.