Le Secrétaire général appelle à une coopération internationale pour une transition énergétique inclusive et durable dans les dix ans à venir

On trouvera ci-après la déclaration que le Secrétaire général de l’ONU, M. António Guterres, a faite aujourd’hui lors du dialogue de haut niveau sur l’énergie:

Welcome to the High‑level Dialogue on Energy.  This event is long overdue.  It has been 40 years since we last discussed energy at the highest level.

Today, we face a moment of truth.  Close to 760 million people still lack access to electricity.  Some 2.6 billion people lack access to clean cooking solutions.  And how we produce and use energy is the main cause of the climate crisis.  Emissions from energy account for about 75 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions.  So, we have a double imperative – to end energy poverty and to limit climate change.

And we have an answer that will fulfil both imperatives:  affordable, renewable and sustainable energy for all.  This is the objective of Sustainable Development Goal 7 - investing in clean, affordable energy for all will improve the well‑being of billions of people.  It can create the green jobs that we urgently need for COVID‑19 recovery.  It will advance all the Sustainable Development Goals.  And it is the single most important solution to avert climate catastrophe.

We have the tools we need.  Solar photovoltaics are now the cheapest power source in most countries.  And renewables yield three times more jobs than the fossil fuel sector.  Solar and wind are the stars of our energy system.  During the COVID‑19 pandemic, they have been the only sources of energy that continued to grow.

But it’s not nearly fast enough.  We are still a long way from being able to provide affordable and clean energy for all.  In 11 sub‑Saharan countries alone, one quarter of health facilities lack access to electricity.  Globally, as many as 9 out of 10 people breathe polluted air, leading to some 8 million premature deaths each year.  And disasters made worse by climate change are increasing.  Access to clean, renewable energy is, quite simply, the difference between life and death.

We must solve these challenges this decade.  And we must start today.  Without deep and rapid decarbonization of our energy systems over the next 10 years, we will never reach the Paris Agreement goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C.  This will be fatal to the Sustainable Development Goals, to us all and the planet.  Billions of people will be condemned to more poverty and more ill‑health while the ecosystems we all rely on collapse.  This is a profound injustice to current and future generations.

But this bleak future is not inevitable.  Science has shown us exactly how to avoid it.  To limit temperature rise to 1.5°C we must reduce emissions by 45 per cent below 2010 levels by 2030 and reach net‑zero emissions by 2050.

All countries have a role.  Developing nations need to see the promised mobilization of $100 billion dollars a year for climate action.  And we must ensure 50 per cent of climate finance is directed towards adaptation and resilience to the climate disruption that is to come.

Today’s meeting presents a historic opportunity.  I count on all countries – especially major emitters – to rise to this moment along with the major players from the world of business and finance.  I am pleased to see several of the major emitters – countries and sectors – demonstrating leadership through the High‑level Dialogue process along with bold commitments to act.

I see four priorities for a sustainable energy future.  First, we must close the energy access gap by 2030.  That means cutting in half the number of people without access to electricity by 2025.  And it means providing over 1 billion people with access to clean cooking solutions by 2025.  The cost of closing the energy access gap is modest:  around $35 billion dollars a year for electricity access and $25 billion dollars a year for clean cooking.

Second, we must rapidly shift to decarbonized energy systems.  By 2030, solar and wind capacity should quadruple to respectively 630 and 390 gigawatts added annual capacity.  And we must intensify our efforts to improve energy efficiency.  There must be no new coal plants built after 2021.  The Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD) countries must commit to phasing out existing coal capacity by 2030, with all other countries following suit by 2040.

There is no reason for countries or investors to finance new fossil fuel exploration, licensing or production infrastructure.  These will become stranded assets.  Clean, renewable energy solutions provide the best business opportunities.  International cooperation must be dramatically scaled up to catalyse the finance and investment needed to accelerate such energy transitions, especially in developing countries and small island developing States.

Third, to reach universal energy access by 2030 and maintain a net‑zero trajectory by mid‑century, we must mobilize predictable finance at scale and promote technology transfer to the developing world.  We need to triple investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency to $5 trillion dollars a year.  And access to finance by developing countries must be simplified, facilitated and expedited.

We need to redirect fossil fuel subsidies to renewables and put a price on carbon.  And all development banks – multilateral, regional and national – need to help countries as they transition their economies.  Public and private finance must be urgently mobilized and deployed at scale to accelerate the global phase out of coal power generation.

Fourth, we must ensure no one is left behind in the race to a net‑zero future.  The global energy transition must be just, inclusive and equitable.  No two national energy transition pathways will be identical.  Investing in renewable energy – instead of spending billions on propping up fossil fuels – can create tens of millions of good jobs and empower the most vulnerable.

However, investments will need to be made in retraining and in social safety nets.  We can and must pursue an agenda that is good for people and planet.  The commitments coming through the United Nations energy‑led process are a real signal of what is possible.

Every country, city, financial institution, company and civil society organization has a role to play in building a sustainable and equitable energy future. I ask all of you to rise to this moment and be bold.  Demonstrate your commitment to this energy future in the form of an “Energy Compact”, which can deliver on a global road map to achieve our goals over the next decade.  UN‑Energy will continue to help drive [action] through the United Nations system.

Today, I call on all Governments to build on international cooperation and provide the global package of support needed for a just, inclusive and sustainable energy transition that ensures renewable energy access for all.

We cannot wait another 40 years.  The age of renewable, affordable energy access for all must start today.  And I thank you.

Nous avons tous les outils en main.

Dans la plupart des pays, le solaire photovoltaïque est désormais la source d’énergie la moins chère.  Le secteur des énergies renouvelables génère trois fois plus d’emplois que celui des combustibles fossiles.  Les énergies solaire et éolienne sont les étoiles montantes de notre système énergétique.  Durant la pandémie de COVID-19, ces sources d’énergie ont été les seules à continuer de se développer.

Mais bien trop lentement, hélas.  Nous sommes encore loin de pouvoir fournir une énergie propre et abordable pour tous.  Dans 11 pays subsahariens, un quart des établissements de santé n’ont pas accès à l’électricité.  Près de 9 personnes sur 10 dans le monde respirent un air pollué, qui est la cause, chaque année, de 8 millions de décès prématurés.  Les catastrophes naturelles, amplifiées par les changements climatiques, se multiplient.  L’accès à des sources d’énergie propres et renouvelables est tout simplement une question de vie ou de mort.

Il nous faut résoudre ces problèmes dans les 10 prochaines années… Et il nous faut commencer dès aujourd’hui.  Si nous ne décarbonons pas rapidement et radicalement nos systèmes énergétiques dans les dix prochaines années, nous n’arriverons jamais à limiter l’augmentation de la température à 1,5 degré Celsius, conformément à l’objectif fixé dans l’Accord de Paris.  Ce serait un coup fatal pour les Objectifs de développement durable pour nous tous et la planète.  Des milliards de personnes sombreront dans la pauvreté et la maladie, tandis que les écosystèmes dont nous dépendons seront anéantis.  Il s’agit là d’une profonde injustice pour les générations d’aujourd’hui et de demain.

Mais nous ne sommes pas condamnés à ce sombre destin.  La science nous montre très précisément comment y échapper.  Pour limiter l'augmentation de la température à 1,5 degré Celsius, il faut d'ici à 2030 réduire les émissions de 45 pour cent par rapport aux niveaux de 2010 et atteindre zéro émission nette d’ici à 2050.

Chaque pays a un rôle à jouer.  Il faut tenir la promesse faite aux pays en développement de mobiliser 100 milliards de dollars par an en faveur de l’action climatique.  Et il faut aussi que 50% du financement climatique soit consacré aux mesures d’adaptation et de résilience face aux perturbations climatiques à venir.

La réunion d’aujourd’hui représente une occasion historique.  Je compte sur tous les pays – et en particulier les grands émetteurs – pour se montrer à la hauteur de la tâche, aux côtés des principaux acteurs du monde des affaires et de la finance.  Je suis heureux de constater que plusieurs grands émetteurs –aussi bien des pays que des secteurs d’activité– font preuve de leadership dans le cadre de ce Dialogue de haut niveau, et présentent des promesses d’action audacieuses