G77 et la Chine: le Secrétaire général détaille six domaines d’action pour « sauver » les ODD
On trouvera, ci-après, le texte bilingue de l’allocution du Secrétaire général de l’ONU, M. António Guterres, à la cérémonie d’ouverture de la quarante-sixième Réunion annuelle des ministres des affaires étrangères du Groupe des 77 et de la Chine, à New York, aujourd’hui:
For decades, the Group of 77 and China have pushed us to be ambitious and relentless in pursuing development. You’ve kept the developing world’s priorities front-and-centre. I congratulate Pakistan for guiding the Group amidst troubled times and keeping the compass pointed to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals has been my focus during High-Level week, and will remain front-and-centre throughout the 77th session of the General Assembly. Because as we reach the halfway point to the 2030 Agenda, let us be clear, we are moving backwards.
The COVID-19 pandemic and an unequal recovery have cost us at least three years’ worth of development progress. Developing countries are drowning in debt, with no fiscal space or access to financial resources to invest in recovery. Families and communities face steep price rises that are increasing poverty, hunger and malnutrition, and fueling social and political unrest.
The climate crisis is upending your countries — look no further than Pakistan where I saw firsthand the colossal flood damage. And the war in Ukraine has added further turmoil to supply chains, and energy and food markets, creating an unprecedented cost-of-living crisis affecting up to 1.7 billion people around the world.
As we mark the 35th anniversary of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development, these challenges remind us how the global community is failing your countries. Rescuing the Sustainable Development Goals requires governments to invest heavily in their people and the systems that support them: health, education, social protection, housing and decent work.
It also requires major transitions in renewable energy, food systems and digital connectivity. But at every turn, developing countries are blocked in their efforts to invest in recovery and development. As a moral and practical imperative, this must change.
I am calling for action on six fronts. First — and our fronts are very similar, first, we need urgent action on debt to increase liquidity and ease the pressure on developing countries. Credit and financing facilities, both public and private, need to go into crisis mode. The Debt Service Suspension Initiative should be extended and strengthened.
But we need an effective mechanism for debt relief for developing countries, including middle-income countries, that are in distress. New innovative instruments — like debt swaps to fund SDG implementation — should be put in place. The issuing of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund during the pandemic was a step forward. But they went largely to developed countries that need them least, and we are still waiting for nineteen months, for the promised re-allocation. A new round of SDRs should be handled according to developing countries’ needs.
Second — we need an increase in concessional funding from Multilateral Development Banks. These banks must boost their risk appetite, and increase access to financing for developing countries. The IMF should operationalize its Resilience and Sustainability Trust immediately.
We need to break down the barriers that keep developing countries from accessing the financing they need. Multilateral development institutions must do much more to leverage private finance through guarantees assuming first risk in consortia and many other ways in which their funds can be multiplied in a meaningful way.
Third — we need to reform a morally bankrupt global financial system. This system was created by rich countries to benefit rich countries. Practically no African country was sitting at the table of the Breton Woods Agreement and in many other parts of the world, decolonization had not yet taken place. It perpetuates poverty and inequalities.
We need to balance the scales between developed and developing countries, and create a new global financial system that benefits all. This must include lending criteria that go beyond Gross Domestic Product and provide a true view of the vulnerabilities faced by developing countries. These are two central objectives – the reform of international financial systems and beyond GDP, these are two central objectives of our common agenda.
Fourth — we need urgent action on climate. I will never forget the devastation I witnessed in Pakistan that I could not imagine before. The countries that have done least to contribute to global warming are its greatest victims. Developed countries must deliver on their promises and support developing countries as they adapt to worsening climate impacts.
They must present credible roadmaps to meet their $100-billion-per-year pledge, and double adaptation finance to $40 billion annually as a first step as the needs are estimated at $300-billion per year for adaptation in the developing world. I renew my call for developed economies to tax the record fossil fuel profits and re-direct them to countries that have suffered irreversible loss and damage from the climate crisis.
I also renew my call for universal early warning system coverage within five years to save lives and livelihoods — the plan for which will be presented at COP27. And I urge all countries, especially G20 members, to spare no effort to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees.
Cinquièmement – nous avons besoin d’une prolifération de la paix dans le monde, et d’un déploiement des outils de notre métier – la diplomatie, le dialogue et la négociation, ainsi qu’une voie claire vers le désarmement. Comme le montrent les effets dévastateurs de la guerre en Ukraine, il ne peut y avoir de développement sans paix.
Et sixièmement, nous devons réformer la gouvernance mondiale. Cela passe par un Nouveau pacte mondial visant à rééquilibrer le pouvoir et les ressources entre les pays développés et en développement, comme présenté dans mon rapport sur Notre programme commun. Un multilatéralisme revitalisé représente un outil essentiel de développement, et une clé indispensable pour sauver les Objectifs de Développement Durable. En 2024, le Sommet sur le Futur devra déboucher sur des résultats ambitieux et innovants.
Votre soutien actif et résolu sera essentiel. Je me réjouis de la poursuite de notre collaboration dans la perspective du Sommet et l’élaboration de solutions pour un monde meilleur et plus juste, pour toutes et tous. Votre soutien à notre Organisation est aujourd’hui – plus que jamais – nécessaire. J’apprécie au plus haut point notre partenariat, et je reste pleinement engagé pour travailler avec vous et tous les États membres dans le cadre de notre travail essentiel pour la justice et l’égalité.