Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
The following is a near-verbatim transcript of today’s noon briefing by Stéphane Dujarric, Spokesman for the Secretary-General.
**Noon Briefing Guest
I will be joined in a few minutes by Robert Kirkpatrick, the Director of UN Global Pulse. And as I mentioned yesterday, he will be here to brief you about that initiative.
**Iran
Speaking from Addis Ababa today, the Secretary-General warmly welcomed the historic agreement in Vienna and congratulated the P5+1 and Iran for reaching this agreement, calling it a testament to the value of dialogue. The Secretary-General said he believes that this agreement will lead to greater mutual understanding and cooperation on the many serious security challenges in the Middle East. As such, it could serve as a vital contribution to peace and stability both in the region and beyond. The Secretary-General added that the United Nations stands ready to fully cooperate with the parties in the process of implementing this historic and important agreement.
Meanwhile, Yukiya Amano, the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), also welcomed the agreement, noting that his agency will be asked to monitor and verify the nuclear-related measures set out in the agreement. He expressed confidence in the IAEA’s ability to do this important work and said that it stands ready to undertake the necessary monitoring and verification activities when requested. With respect to the clarification of outstanding issues related to the possible military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear programme, the IAEA and Iran earlier today in Vienna also agreed on a Road-map as part of the Framework for Cooperation between the Agency and Iran. Under this Road-map, and with the cooperation of Iran, the IAEA will be able to establish an understanding of the whole picture concerning these issues and report its assessment to its Board of Governors by the end of the year.
**Secretary-General’s Travels
And as you know, the Secretary-General has been in Addis Ababa for the second day of the Financing for Development Conference. He participated today in a series of events on gender equality, industrial development and the role of the private sector. His remarks at all these events are online. In the margins of the Conference, the Secretary-General also met with the Vice-President of Sudan and the readout of the meeting is online and was made available to you.
And in terms of the conference itself, as I had mentioned, it’s the second day of countries engaging in informal consultations on the outcome document. The Main Committee will focus on the outcome document — to be known as the Addis Ababa Action Agenda — when it meets for the first time at 6:30 p.m. tonight in Addis. A number of new financing initiatives to support sustainable development and the implementation of the sustainable development goals have been announced on areas that include health, renewable energy, tax cooperation and data collection.
**Security Council
Meanwhile back here, in the Security Council, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and head of the mission in the country, Martin Kobler, updated the Council on the situation in the DRC [Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Regarding the security situation, he underlined the operations by the Congolese army, and supported by the UN [Organization Stabilization] Mission [in the Democratic Republic of the Congo] against the Front Patriotique Résistance in Ituri, the FRPI. He said these operations were the most effective since the fall of the M-23 [23 March Movement] and were a testament to what collective actions could achieve. And his full remarks are available in my office and Mr. Kobler said he will speak to you at the stakeout. And earlier this morning the Security Council extended the mandate of the UN Interim Security Force for Abyei, UNISFA, until mid-December 2015.
**Yemen
And regarding Yemen, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), said today in Geneva that at least 142 civilians, including 36 children and 27 women, were killed in Yemen, and 224 others wounded, between 3 and 13 July. This brings the total civilian death toll since 26 March to 1,670. Another 3,829 people were injured during this period. Civilian infrastructure has also suffered, with at least 187 sites partially or completely destroyed as a result of the armed conflict. Meanwhile, the World Food Programme (WFP) reports that 13 trucks crossed into Yemen yesterday and 27 today. In July so far, more than 127,000 people are confirmed to have received emergency food assistance in the southern governorates of Taiz and Lahj. This distribution happened through WFP’s local partners, including the Yemen Ministry of Education.
**Syria
And regarding Syria, the Special Envoy for the Secretary-General on Syria, Staffan de Mistura, visited Jordan today and met with the Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Nasser Judeh. Mr. de Mistura very much appreciated the Minister’s deep knowledge and analysis of the regional situation, particularly as Jordan is providing hospitality to a substantial number of Syrian refugees and is therefore heavily impacted by the situation in Syria.
Mr. de Mistura also met Syrian opposition figures who were present in Jordan. At the end of today’s meetings, Mr. de Mistura reaffirmed the Secretary-General’s resolve to spare no efforts to support the people of Syria in their yearning for peace and change. He stressed that both regional and international Powers can do much more to end the raging conflict in Syria. And Mr. de Mistura will continue his consultations with Member States in the region in the coming days.
**Afghanistan
And from Afghanistan, Nick Haysom, the Secretary-General’s Special Representative in that country, condemned an attack at a mosque in Baghlan Province, which wounded more than 40 civilians. He stressed that the targeting of families and friends praying together highlights the perpetrators’ intent to destroy lives, and spread terror among civilians. And more than 100 civilians have been injured or killed in the past two days and more is available online.
**Turkey
Just one update from the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Office in Geneva — today, at the regular briefing, they expressed its deep concern over recent attacks, discriminatory treatment and incitement to violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Turkey. The Office pointed to reports over the past two weeks alone of posters in Ankara encouraging the murder of LGBT people; a violent attack against a group of young gay men in Istanbul; and the rape, assault and robbery of Kemal Ördek, a human rights defender. More information on the High Commissioner’s website.
**Ukraine
And UNICEF [United Nations Children’s Fund] said today that up to 1.3 million children and adults have little or no access to water in eastern Ukraine. This is due to damaged or destroyed water lines and acute water shortages, UNICEF said. UNICEF and its partners have helped more than half a million people in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions access safe water since January, but more humanitarian partners are needed. UNICEF’s appeal for $55.8 million to meet the urgent humanitarian needs of children and families in eastern Ukraine for this year, and that appeal is only 19 per cent funded.
**Department of Field Support
Our colleagues in the Department of Field Support wanted to announce and share with you that with generous support from Japan, it will commence a project to strengthen military engineering capacity in UN peacekeeping. The $38.5 million project will train peacekeepers from African countries in the use and maintenance of heavy engineering equipment. Successful trainees are expected to deploy to missions with critical engineering needs. Trial training will start at the Humanitarian and Peace Support School in Nairobi, Kenya in September 2015. And once the project design is fully complete, full-scale trainings are expected to start in the beginning of 2016, which is next year.
**Health
And meanwhile, the World Health Organization (WHO) has asked us to flag their new mental health atlas, which says that huge inequalities in access to mental health services exist depending on where people live. According to the Atlas, on average globally, there is less than one mental health worker per 10,000 people. The report also shows that global spending on mental health is still very low and that the majority of spending goes to mental hospitals, which serve a small proportion of those who need care. If you are interested, go to who.int. Khalas. Masood?
**Questions and Answers
Question: On this nuclear agreement that the Secretary‑General has welcomed, what is the understanding of the Secretary‑General and the United Nations that what the immediate mitigation of this deal is? And what about Mr. [Barack] Obama saying that at any time the nuclear inspectors can go in? So there's… they can go in without notice to inspect Iran's…?
Spokesman: You know, the deal… obviously, we have to look at the deal closely… will involve the operationalization of this will agreement, will obviously involve the IAEA. So I would encourage you to talk to them more in depth. We understand also there will be a Security Council resolution that will come to New York very quickly, as the agreement states. I think the bottom line for the Secretary‑General is that he thinks this is a very welcome development, which he hope also have very positive impact.
Question: Yes. So, what about this impression that it can be invoked at moment's notice? And then…
Spokesman: The agreement is what it is, is what all of the people sitting around the table agreed to, and the Secretary‑General very much welcomes it, and obviously, we'll take a look at the Security Council resolution when it comes. I'll come… Masood, I'll come back to you. Joe?
Question: Actually, my question sort of follows along on that. With whom did the Secretary‑General consult before he put out this statement with praise of the deal that had no reservations in his praise? I mean, that… did he consult any of the negotiators, the head of the IAEA? Was he given a copy of the draft?
Spokesman: The Secretary‑General was briefed by his staff on the agreement, and he welcomed it.
Correspondent: Well… but, you said before that the UN has no involvement directly in these negotiations.
Spokesman: I understand. The Secretary‑General was briefed by his staff.
Question: But… were members of the staff present in Vienna?
Spokesman: No, the UN did not sit around the table…
Question: So, what basis does the staff have to… to assess the content of the agreement?
Spokesman: I think contacts were had. I think the bottom line is the Secretary‑General is very pleased that this agreement is reached, and as he says, the United Nations stands ready to assist all the parties involved. Mr. Lee and then Go?
Question: I want to ask you about this readout of the meeting with the Vice-President of Sudan by the Secretary‑General. The reason I'm asking is because the Minister or Spokesperson in the Sudanese Government, soon after that meeting, said that, in the meeting, Ban Ki‑moon had assured the Government, the Vice-President of Sudan, that he had not made any comment whatsoever on the possible… or that President [Omar] al‑Bashir should be arrested on the ICC [International Criminal Court] warrant while he was in South Africa. And so, I wanted to ask you directly, did Ban Ki‑moon say that? Because Sudan says that he said it.
Spokesman: The readout from the Secretary‑General's side is what stands. And we stand by that readout. I'm not going to start commenting on what the Sudanese may or… may say to what the sec… and refer back to Secretary‑General's conversations.
Correspondent: But, I mean, I guess what I'm saying… and that's what they're saying that they said. I understand that you…
Spokesman: I think… I think the Secretary‑General… the Secretary‑General's and the UN's position on the need to… for all the signatories of the Rome agreement to support the ICC is clear. And, again, I'm not going to go any further than what the readout said.
Correspondent: Right. I'm saying it's kind of important.
Spokesman: I'm not disagreeing with your analysis. I think we've spoken about the issue of President [al-]Bashir and the indictment. You can refer back to the briefings around that time. And our position has been clear. I'm not going to start commenting on other parties' analysis of what the Secretary‑General may or may not have said.
Question: Yeah. On Yemen, Ramadan is coming close to the end and there is intensification of attacks by the Saudi‑led coalition against southern cities which has emboldened Al‑Qaida, specifically in Aden. How does the United Nations view helping Al‑Qaida to take control of areas vast in south… in Nataz and Aden?
Spokesman: I think what is important… what has been important for the United Nations since the beginning of this conflict and what continues to be important to the UN and the Secretary‑General is for the parties to actually implement their commitments to a humanitarian pause. We have not seen it. Despite the fighting, we have been able to deliver some goods, as I've just mentioned, through the World Food Programme and its partners. And it's a little bit of good news, but it's obviously not nearly what we need. Yemen remains on the verge of a humanitarian catastrophe. And it is clear that all parties need to respect their engagements. Once we have a humanitarian pause, we can start to build on that and address the political issues and other issues to create the conditions for a durable ceasefire and then a political agreement. I think we've seen any country in conflict — conflict creates the space for radical groups to flourish. And this is one of the many reasons why we need to see the end to this conflict.
Question: Has this message been conveyed to those who are perpetrating these attacks against…?
Spokesman: I think the message that is conveyed to all the parties is to stop the fighting. Nizar, I'll come back to you. Luke?
Question: Also on Yemen, yesterday the State Department said that they… essentially, they said they hadn't conveyed to the Saudis that they wanted them to observe the pause that was announced on Thursday. So, two questions: Did the… was the Secretary‑General aware of that, that this… that this wasn't being conveyed? And would he call on a country like the US, which clearly has influence with the Saudis? Or another…
Spokesman: I think… we've called upon all the countries in the region who have an influence on the parties to exercise that influence in a positive way. Again, the… in terms of who conveyed what to whom, as I said yesterday, the Special Envoy had contacts with the Saudis. He'd had contact with President [Abd Rabbuh Mansour] Hadi, who'd said to him he'd conveyed this to the Saudis.
Correspondent: I guess just a follow‑up. It seemed that the US was aware this wasn't going to work. That was kind of the message that the briefing was getting.
Spokesman: I… well, you know, I can't comment to what the US may or may not have known. I think our push and our call for humanitarian pause was not a private affair. It was a rather public one, and we will hope that all the countries who have an influence would use that influence positively. And then Go?
Question: Two question. One on Libya and the other one on Turkey. I start with the one on Turkey. PKK [Kurdistan Workers’ Party], the armed Kurdish group in Turkey, just announced the end of a three‑year ceasefire with the Turkish Government. PKK have been in the armed rebellion for three decades. What's the UN position about this? And the second one is about Libya. The UN envoy was very optimistic about the end of the talks in Morocco. We expect to see a deal by the end of this month, a final agreement among the parties. And do you have any updates about that?
Spokesman: No, obviously, the door remains open for those parties who have not initialed… that party who's not initialed the agreement. We hope that the agreement will be initialed. On your first question, I have to look into it, and I'll get you some comment. Go and then Mr. Abbadi?
Question: Thank you, Stéphane. Coming back to this agreement on Iran, could you tell us what's going to happen in New York in the coming weeks and months?
Spokesman: My understanding is that there will be… as it's been reported, a Security Council resolution will come swiftly to New York. I would encourage you to speak to the Presidency of the Council and those countries that may sponsor that resolution. They would have more detail on what…
Correspondent: That resolution will be to endorse this agreement.
Spokesman: I mean, on that, I'd go to what is public knowledge is what you have, is the understanding from what the parties have said, that they would bring this to the Security Council. Mr. Abbadi, then Joe?
Question: Thank you, Stéphane. You indicated that the agreement between the six Powers and Iran might have… will have… would have positive implications. Would the Secretary‑General consider that this agreement might lead to relaxation eventually of tension between Iran and the Gulf States?
Spokesman: Look, I think… I don't want to get ahead of ourselves. I think obviously the agreement is… can only… can be seen, and we see it in a positive light in terms of the region. What direct impact it will have, I think it's too early to tell, and I don't want to get into the prediction business for the time being. Mr. Lauria?
Correspondent: Thank you. I just want to recapitulate on Yemen.
Spokesman: Recapitulate?
Correspondent: Yes. I want to go over again, I think, what you’ve said.
Spokesman: I… I only like to capitulate once but…
Question: Well, bear with me. Your side got assurances from both Hadi people and the Saudi side that they would agree to an unconditional ceasefire 24 hours after Hadi sent a letter to the Secretary‑General which he had numerous conditions. Am I correct in saying that?
Spokesman: You're stating… you're… hold on a second.
Correspondent: It's a true or false question.
Spokesman: I understand it's a true or false question. I will refer you back to… yes, we had received the letter. As you know, we had received the letter. The Special Envoy had been in, I think, what can only be described as very intense discussions with all the parties, both in Sana’a and Riyadh, to discuss the pause, to get the commitments we needed. As I mentioned in my earlier answer, the pause… the issue of the pause was discussed with Saudi officials, and then, after receiving the commitments we needed from the Yemeni parties and President Hadi advised him that he'd informed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Saudi officials, of his intent to support the pause.
Question: Can I ask a follow-up on that? So, what's your plan for Yemen now?
Spokesman: I think the… we continue to reiterate our call for a humanitarian pause. The Secretary‑General has been in contact with senior Saudi leaders over the last 24 hours to convey that message directly. Contacts are continuing at different levels. I think we just saw today new figures of people who were killed up until 13 July. We're seeing the violence continue on every side. I think all of the leaders in the region know what's going on, and they're continuing to see the destruction of Yemen. And I think they all need to abide to the commitments made to honour a humanitarian pause so our humanitarian colleagues can get un-… can get their work under way on the business of delivering aid.
Question: On the same subject, Mr. [Ismail] Ould Cheikh Ahmed told me in an interview that he visited the commanders of the Saudi Arabia who were conducting the aerial attacks on Yemen and that he coordinated with them how the ceasefire is going to be… can you… of course… for confirmation…?
Spokesman: If he told you, yes.
Question: He told me that. So, didn't he convey that… in this case that there… the ceasefire will entail that they should stop all this… these attacks…?
Spokesman: Well, I think…
Question: And, of course, he has conveyed that to the Secretary‑General.
Spokesman: I… I mean, I'm not understanding your question, but I'll try to answer it nonetheless. I think that a commitment to honour a humanitarian pause is pretty simple. It's a pause in the fighting. It's an unconditional pause in the fighting. We have… the parties… we haven't seen the parties honour the commitments they have made. We call on them yet again to honour those commitments.
Question: If he visited the commanders and he coordinated with them, how will… the truce will be? So, doesn't that mean that they accepted or in any way…?
Spokesman: As… as… I mean, I really don't know what to add to what I've already said. Masood, then Mr. Lee?
Question: Yes, Stéphane. It was just a follow‑up by which I wanted to ask again: What are the immediate mitigating effects for Iran, as you understand? And will they come into effect after 90 days? Is that right?
Spokesman: You know, I think, as much as I love to answer your questions, I don't think I'm the right address to answer the detailed questions that you have. I would encourage you to go to the sponsors, to those sitting around the table. The deal was just announced. Obviously, a critical part of the deal and operationalizing of that deal goes through the Security Council. There will be a resolution. Member States will vote on it. And I think that will bring maybe some of the answers that you're looking for.
Correspondent: Basically, timeline is 90 days.
Spokesman: I… again, I think I've answered that question. Mr. Lee?
Question: Sure. Thanks a lot. I wanted to ask about Burundi, but one last… at least from my side, something on Yemen. Is… yesterday, you said the Secretary‑General was very, very disappointed. So, I wanted to ask, if you can say, starting, I guess it would be, Saturday morning, right after midnight, it became pretty clear that there was no pause. Did he make any… did he make any actual, like, calls, meaning like telephone calls or in some… did he reach out? And can you confirm or deny that some within DPA [Department of Political Affairs] had suggested that he not put out that statement that seemed to imply that there was a pause agreed to as…?
Spokesman: No, I… listen, I'm not… Secretary‑General was in the air a large part of the weekend. He's also attending the Addis conference. People at various levels were having various contacts. The Secretary‑General spoke to both the Defence Minister of Saudi Arabia and the Foreign Minister yesterday, in addition to other contacts that were had in the previous… you know, on Monday and over the weekend. As to the deliberation… the internal deliberations of different opinions expressed within the UN Secretariat, I'm not going to go into that. At the end of the day, it's the Secretary‑General's call, and the statement he issued was clear. Mr. Abbadi, then Mr. Lauria?
Question: Thank you, Stéphane. On the issue of the death of Dag Hammarskjöld, as you know, the Secretary‑General forwarded the report of expert group to the General Assembly, and he asked the States who have confidential files and information on the death of Dag Hammarskjöld to turn in those files. How does he expect the States to do that?
Spokesman: To contact him and to turn them over to the United Nations, to share them or to share them with whatever mechanism the General Assembly decides to move forward on it.
Question: But, they are… they are under no obligation to do that?
Spokesman: Is that a question or a statement?
Question: It's a question and a statement. Isn't it?
Spokesman: It is… obviously, there is no legal obligation to do it. It is an appeal by the Secretary‑General in order to bring whatever clarity we can to the death… circumstances surrounding the death of the second Secretary‑General of this organization.
Question: And follow‑up: The Secretary‑General says the next General Assembly might be the last time that this issue is being dealt with. This is very risky, to have the death of Dag Hammarskjöld die in the General Assembly would be very serious matter. Why doesn't Secretary‑General place the issue before the Security Council? The Secretary‑General Dag Hammarskjöld was on a peace mission.
Spokesman: No, I completely understand. This is an issue that the General Assembly has been involved in almost since the death of the second Secretary‑General. It is the right place for it to be dealt with. I think what… one of the points that the Secretary‑General was making in that letter is that a lot of the witnesses, a lot of people that were somehow… either saw what happened or may have been involved one way or another are moving up in age. And I think this is an issue that needs to be dealt with as quickly as possible. Mr. Lauria?
Question: I'm back to Yemen, unfortunately. When you announced the commitments for an unconditional truce, you cited the Hadi side… that they made this commitment in the letter to the Secretary‑General of 8 July, but that letter has a lot of conditions in it. So, something in 24 hours had to change, and was that that Hadi's people told the UN envoy that those conditions would be left for later negotiations?
Spokesman: Exactly. And I think…
Question: Did he… did they tell him that?
Spokesman: The statement that we issued on that day made that clear, that a lot of the other issues would be dealt with as part of an eventual discussion for a longer-term ceasefire and obviously for the political track. Again, I think it is understandable that the focus is on the work of the mediator and the UN. But, I think the responsibilities of all the parties involved in this conflict are very clear.
Correspondent: But, that's because you announced a truce.
Spokesman: And they also know very clearly know what they have to do to initiate this unconditional humanitarian pause…
Correspondent: The focus is on the UN because the UN announced a truce that never happened… We're trying to figure out why. We're trying to figure out why it didn't happen. And you got commitments and he…
Spokesman: I… we… we received commitments, and obviously, these commitments were not honoured.
Question: Are you, in your own mind, clear about what happened? Do you also have… does this building still have questions about what happened, why it didn't happen?
Spokesman: It's clear in the fact that the parties did not honour the commitments they had made to the UN.
Question: But, why? Why?
Spokesman: That's pretty clear. I think you'd have to ask them. I'm not going to start to analyse the different motivation of the parties… the parties involved.
Correspondent: You're the other side of this… this discussion.
Spokesman: I'm sorry?
Correspondent: You're one of the interlocutors.
Spokesman: Put your mic a little closer.
Correspondent: You're one of the interlocutors.
Spokesman: I completely understand. I completely understand your question, but this is what I'm going to say.
Question: One of the things that we heard is that Ould Cheikh Ahmed has been telling every party what they like to hear, and this is what has been publicly criticized by some leaders in Yemen. Another thing, the United Nations threatened with… not threatened, asked for investigation regarding the UNDP [United Nations Development Programme] attack in Aden. Did… was there any response from the coalition about that? Because obviously, they were…
Spokesman: I do not have an update on that.
Correspondent: And I've asked five times about these people stranded in the Saudi border…
Spokesman: I will… I'm trying to harvest as much information as I can for you, Nizar. Mr. Lee and then Linda, and then we'll go to our guest unless, Evelyn, you have a question.
Question: Okay, Burundi, Haiti and EZTV in that order. On Burundi, the… now President [Yoweri] Museveni is in Bujumbura. They say he's holding these talks in the Hotel Bel Air residence. Is Mr. [Abdoulaye] Bathily or any UN representative taking part, and do you have anything on a possible FDLR presence on the border?
Spokesman: I don't believe Mr. Bathily is there. I know the Secretary‑General and President Museveni spoke briefly yesterday, if I'm not mistaken. They are scheduled to speak before the day is over. I have nothing on the Burundi border.
Question: And on Haiti, there's been a notice of them staring at now, sent to the Office of the Secretary‑General about the Second Circuit appeal of the cholera case and it basically says… it's called a notice of appearance default notice, that if there's no response by the UN within 14 days, they can't be heard at the oral argument. Are you aware of this? And is it your intention to…?
Spokesman: I'm not aware… I'm not aware of it.
Question: And the other one has to do… I saw yesterday and I've noticed that the EZTV has this Arirang television on it, and about a year ago, I'd asked you about calling it P3 TV, that the current EZTV lineup has Fox and CNN from the United States, BBC from the U.K., France 24. And you said that there was attempts to make it more diverse. Has there been any attempt to get either India, Brazil, Russia, China, or is it sort of… how do these things happen?
Spokesman: Let me check. Broadcasters often contact us and try to provide news feeds for us. And as long as it has no cost to the UN…
Question: But is there a desire to have kind of a diversity of…?
Spokesman: The broader the information, the better. Linda?
Question: Thank you, Steph. Regarding Ukraine, would you have any update on the latest developments there in terms of fighting as well as humanitarian conditions?
Spokesman: No, not beyond what I've just said on UNICEF. I will talk to my human rights colleagues, see when their next report is due. It should be soonish. [He later added the next report was scheduled for September.] Evelyn?
Question: Thanks, Steph. On… how many investigations have been into the death of Dag Hammarskjöld? I can't remember any in the last 20 years.
Spokesman: There was… If I'm not mistaken, and Mr. Abbadi, I'm sure, will correct me if I stray from the path, there was an initial investigation obviously following his death. There were a number of private, for lack of a better word, or not UN‑related investigations and books and so on, which led… the last one being a commission… an external commission, which led the General Assembly to pass a resolution calling on the Secretary‑General to put forward the group that he just did put forward.
Question: The UN itself hasn't done anything since the 1960s, right?
Spokesman: No. Last question?
Question: On Iran deal, given the UN's crucial role in basically implementing this agreement and assessing whether Iran is abiding by certain parts of the agreement, will the Secretary‑General participate in the Security Council meeting? And what will be his role in all this?
Spokesman: No, I don't… first of all, I think we have to see what the… I'm not aware of the Secretary‑General participating in any way. We haven't even seen a resolution come forward. As I said, the main part of the operationalization… the UN's role in the operationalization of this agreement will fall on the shoulders of the IAEA. All right. I will get our guests. I would encourage you to stay. Thank you.