SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS OF SMALL ISLAND STATES HURT BY SHORTFALL IN INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE, SPEAKERS TELL SECOND COMMITTEE

Fifty-eighth General Assembly

Second Committee

15^th & 16^th Meeting (AM & PM)

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS OF SMALL ISLAND STATES HURT BY SHORTFALL IN

INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE, SPEAKERS TELL SECOND COMMITTEE

Some Projects Increase Vulnerability, Say Speakers, Urging New Consensus

The shortfall in international assistance was thwarting the best efforts of small island developing States (SIDS) to implement sustainable development and prepare for next year’s international meeting in Mauritius to review progress in that regard, several SID speakers told the Second Committee (Economic and Financial) today, as it took up implementation of Agenda 21 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of small island developing States.

In the 10 years since the adoption of the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action, the international community had failed to adequately aid SIDS, said the representative of Mauritius, speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS).  Official Development Assistance (ODA) to SIDS had fallen 50 per cent since 1990, while some experts contended that many development projects had actually increased their overall vulnerability.

Sustainable development schemes in the United Nations system focused largely on renewable energy, he said, leaving the SIDS Unit of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs alone to shoulder the burden of issues concerning small islands.  Preparation for next year’s Mauritius meeting presented a crucial opportunity to set matters straight and enlist a new international consensus to support sustainable development.

New Zealand’s representative, speaking on behalf of the Pacific Islands Forum Group, said the Mauritius meeting should not focus on renegotiating the Barbados Programme of Action.  Rather, it should address programme implementation, as well as such priorities of SIDS, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, curbing poverty and HIV/AIDS, capacity-building, good governance, renewable energy technologies and security.  Regarding Agenda 21, the Forum, in cooperation with regional bodies and donors, had launched several regional partnerships in capacity-building, governance, renewable energy, biodiversity and oceans. 

The representative of Belize, speaking on behalf of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), said the impact of climate change and sea level rise continued to be of serious concern for Caribbean nations.  The international community must ratify the Kyoto Protocol, as well as honour and increase commitments to assist small countries in facing those challenges.  The CARICOM small island developing States looked forward to partnerships in that regard to develop competitive strategies and macroeconomic stability, diversify their economies and reduce their dependence on imported energy.

Similarly, Anwarul Chowdhury, Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, said SIDS could not tackle development challenges without global support and a successful outcome in Mauritius.  In identifying the meeting’s priorities, it would be useful to focus on the economic, social and environmental vulnerabilities of SIDS, poverty eradication, freshwater issues, climate change, renewable energy, development of marine resources and sustainable fisheries, HIV/AIDS, and trade.  That process should include participation by Member States, multilateral financial institutions, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and other civil society organizations.

Jose Antonio Ocampo, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, said the peculiar geographic situation of SIDS made them more vulnerable than others to the risks posed by development.  Some small States could even disappear if the international community did not adequately address climate change and rising sea levels.  Sustainable development was their road to progress, as well as survival.

Referring to the World Summit on Sustainable Development, he said it had generated a solid repertoire of commitments and ideas to turn the Rio vision into reality.  So far, response from governments, United Nations bodies, major groups, civil society and the private sector had generally been encouraging. 

Other speakers underscored the need for increased resources, improved trade for developing countries and access to technologies and information exchange to implement Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Summit.  Welcoming the new two-year work cycles of the Commission on Sustainable Development, they also emphasized that the real test would be progress achieved by the Commission’s next meeting.  In addition, several speakers stressed the importance of education as a vital tool for passing on traditional knowledge and values that were essential to sustainable development.

In other business today, the representative of Morocco introduced a draft resolution on implementation of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006).

Also speaking today were the representatives of Morocco (on behalf of the “Group of 77” developing countries and China), Russian Federation, Peru (on behalf of the Rio Group), China, Pakistan, Venezuela, Yemen, Cuba, Kenya, India, Iran, Swaziland, Mauritania, Mongolia, Japan, Nigeria, Switzerland, Indonesia (on behalf of Association of South-East Asian Nations), Thailand, South Africa (on behalf of the Southern Africa Development Community), Jamaica, Tajikistan, Uruguay (on behalf of MERCOSUR), Barbados, Myanmar, United States, Suriname and Bahamas.

The Observer for the Holy See also made a statement.

Statements were also made by the Director of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Liaison Office with the United Nations, and the Executive Secretary of the Secretariat for the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.

In addition, representatives of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

The Second Committee will meet again at 3:00 p.m. tomorrow, Tuesday 21 October, to continue its consideration of implementation of Agenda 21 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, and the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of small island developing States.  It is also expected to take up the topics operational activities for development and economic and technical cooperation among developing countries.

Background

The Second Committee (Economic and Financial) met this morning to take up implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcome of the World Summit on Sustainable Development; the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development; and environment and sustainable development.

Before the Committee was a report of the Secretary-General on activities undertaken in implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (document A/58/210).  The report reviews initial follow-up actions by governments, United Nations bodies and major groups, as well as recent decisions of relevant intergovernmental bodies.  It also reviews proposals aimed at meeting goals adopted at the World Summit on Sustainable Developments.

During its eleventh session in May, the report notes, the Commission on Sustainable Development decided to focus during the 2004-2005 period on water, sanitation and human settlements, and give priority to their links with poverty eradication, changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns, and natural resource protection and management.  The Commission also recommended that the General Assembly approve the channelling of the resources of the Commission’s former ad hoc intersessional working group to the Commission’s regional meetings held during its two-year review and policy implementation cycle. 

In June 2003, according to the report, the General Assembly reaffirmed its previous decision to make sustainable development a key component of United Nations work, particularly concerning the Millennium Development Goals, which has been echoed in the day-to-day work of United Nations bodies.

For example, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) has set up a Water, Sanitation and Infrastructure Branch, and brought in new partners for its Coalition for Sustainable Urbanization.  In addition, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and other United Nations entities have launched voluntary sustainable development partnerships with governments and major groups.

Moreover, the report says, the Commission on Sustainable Development Web site has posted 230 partnerships and 35 proposed partnerships, mainly in Africa, Asia and in small island developing States.  To date, donor countries have committed more than $250 million for the projects, and another $120 million is being sought. 

The Committee also had before it a report of the Secretary-General on further implementation of the outcome of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (document A/58/170).  It notes that an international meeting, to include a high-level segment and a full and comprehensive 10-year review of the implementation of the 2004 Barbados Declaration Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, will be held in 2004 in Mauritius.

According to the report, the Small Island Developing States Unit of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs created a template for national assessment reports in February 2002, following consultations with the Alliance of Small Island States, (AOSIS).  These reports, which focus on States’ implementation of the Programme of Action, and allow for SIDS to identify priority areas, are expected to play a key role in preparations for the Mauritius meeting.  The Unit has also been working closely with the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and small island developing States harness support for the preparatory process.

Introductory Presentations

JOSE ANTONIO OCAMPO, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, introduced reports on activities undertaken in implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Implementation of agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (A/58/210), and on further implementation of the outcome of the Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (A/58/170).

He said the World Summit had generated a solid repertoire of commitments and ideas to turn the Rio vision into reality.  So far, response from governments, United Nations bodies, major groups, civil society and the private sector had generally been very encouraging.  Last April, the Commission on Sustainable Development had decided to organize its future work in two-year implementation cycles, and had also adopted measures to involve major groups and civil society.  United Nations bodies were gearing up to implement the outcomes of the Johannesburg Summit, and governments and major groups had organized several international initiatives and events.  To date, about 230 partnerships and 35 processes to initiate partnerships had been posted on the Commission’s Web site.

All of those efforts were encouraging, he said, but there were also some contrary trends, especially regarding the means of implementation.  The setback to trade negotiations in Cancun was a setback to the goals of sustainable development and poverty eradication.  About two thirds of the poor lived in rural areas of developing countries and relied on agriculture for their sustenance.  Lack of access to the markets of developed countries would deprive them of opportunities to break the vicious cycle of poverty.  Moreover, subsidies in developed countries that led to low commodity prices would put more pressure on natural resources in developing countries, forcing them to produce more quantities to make ends meet.

Regarding the report on SIDS, he said he was pleased with the interest and involvement of United Nations bodies, as well as regional and intergovernmental organizations in that review process.  The forthcoming interregional meeting planned for January 2004, the preparatory meeting to be held at the start of the Commission on Sustainable Development’s twelfth session and the Mauritius international meeting, were expected to lead to renewed commitment by the international community to the sustainable development of SIDS.

The peculiar geographic situation of such states made them more vulnerable than others to the risks posed by the current course of development, he said.  Some of them might even disappear if the international community did not see significant progress in such areas as climate change and rising sea levels. Sustainable development was their road not only to progress, but to survival.

JONES KYAZZE, Director of UNESCO, said education for sustainable development was an awesome challenge that required the reorienting of education systems, policies and practices to empower young and old alike.  As Task Manager for Chapter 36 of Agenda 21, UNESCO had helped the international community clarify core education concepts, had convened international conferences and regional workshops to encourage innovation transfer between countries, and had developed demo projects and sample curriculum and training materials.  UNESCO’s Associated School Network in 170 countries promoted peace, human rights and conservation.

He said that in leading the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, UNESCO had circulated in August, a draft implementation framework to United Nations partners, other relevant international organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders for their input on educational strategies and action plans.  The first in a series of international consultations on the matter, held in September, attempted to identify the Decade’s potential “value added” and that of each participation agency.

ANWARUL CHOWDHURY, Under-Secretary-General and High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and SIDS, said a decision of remarkable significance had been taken last year by the General Assembly to convene an international meeting in 2004 to review implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States.  That 10-year review, commonly described as Barbados+10, had been called for, in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.  The three SIDS regions had concluded their preparatory meetings earlier this month, and would now bring together, their outcomes to the interregional meeting in the Bahamas in January to forge them into a common platform.

He stressed that the widest possible range of stakeholders, including Member States, multilateral financial institutions, the private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other civil society organizations should participate in the Mauritius meeting, which would need a focused agenda with clearly identified priorities.  In identifying the meeting’s priorities, it would be useful to focus on the vulnerability -– economic, social and environmental -– of SIDS, poverty eradication measures, freshwater issues, climate change, renewable energy, development of marine resources and sustainable fisheries, HIV/AIDS, and trade.  Global advocacy for the cause of SIDS and the mobilization and coordination of international support for realizing the Mauritius outcome was vital in helping those countries face development challenges in the coming years.

HAMA ARBA DIALLO, Executive Secretary of the Convention to Combat Desertification, said 190 countries had ratified the instrument, which aims to curb the degradation of more than 10 billion tons of topsoil, annually.  The Convention’s sixth Conference of the Parties had been a success, in which heads of State and government had reiterated their strong political will to promptly implement it.  The participation of the Global Environment Facility to fund environmental conservation and implementation of the Convention was a crucial development.

Thanks to the financial support of several European Union countries, as well as Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Japan and Venezuela, he said, a number of developing countries were able to take part in the recent Conference of the Parties thus making it a thorough, open and inclusive process.  The World Bank had funded the preparation of national reports from African countries, while United Nations agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors, non-governmental organizations and grassroots communities had also made contributions.  Intense efforts to fully implement the Convention would require more resources to augment the ability of developing countries to address institutional challenges, as well as poverty, poor health and nutrition, lack of food security and problems arising from migration and the displacement of people.

Question and Answers

Responding to a question about lack of transparency in implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification, Mr. Diallo said that auditor’s reports on the Convention had made no reference to lack of transparency.  Those who wished to criticize the Convention for lack of transparency should focus instead on helping developing-country partners to implement the Convention.

Statements

MOHAMMED ARROUCHI (Morocco), speaking on behalf of the “Group of 77” developing countries and China, stressed that poverty and hunger still afflicted more than a billion people worldwide.  The primary focus for implementation of Agenda 21 should be at the national level, but commitments for multilateral action should be upheld.  The Johannesburg Plan of Implementation had emphasized that adequate financing was indispensable to implementing internationally agreed goals and targets.  In addition, meeting such goals would require improved trade for developing countries, access to and transfer of needed technologies, capacity-building, and information exchange.

Implementation of the Johannesburg Plan would also require accountability in global partnerships, he continued.  At the intergovernmental level, repetitive debates should be avoided, the momentum reached at Johannesburg maintained, and the Plan of Implementation translated into effective action.  Referring to the organization of thematic clusters at the eleventh session of the Commission on Sustainable Development, he said no thematic cluster should be favoured over others.  As the high-level intergovernmental body for sustainable development, the Commission should ensure effective and measurable implementation of Agenda 21 through its multi-year programme of work.  The scourge of poverty could only be overcome through harmonious and collective action.

DON MACKAY (New Zealand), speaking on behalf of the Pacific Islands Forum Group, said the Mauritius meeting next year should not simply renegotiate the Barbados Programme of Action.  It should acknowledge progress, or the lack of it, in implementing the Barbados Plan, and clearly identify further priorities for the sustainable development of SIDS.  The meeting should address climate change issues, delivering a clear signal that further commitments must be made by all major emitters to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  It should also focus on new and growing challenges for small island developing States, including rising poverty, HIV/AIDS, capacity-building, the need to strengthen governance, renewable energy technologies and security.

Regarding implementation of Agenda 21, he noted that the Forum had launched regional partnership initiatives at Johannesburg, covering a range of regional sustainable development activities, including capacity-building, governance, renewable energy, biodiversity and oceans.  Those activities had been coordinated by regional bodies and supported by regional donors, including Australia and New Zealand.

YURIY ISAKOV (Russian Federation) stressed the importance of public health in sustainable development, saying that combating the spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other dangerous diseases such as SARS should be top priorities for the international community.  The Russian Federation had launched an infectious disease prevention and control initiative to strengthen global monitoring, and was a co-sponsor of the draft initiated by Tajikistan to proclaim 2005-2015, an international decade for action “Water for Life”.  The decade couldn’t come at a better time, he said, noting the millennium target of halving by 2015 the number of people worldwide without access to potable water.

Despite economic difficulties, the Russian Federation continued to intensify its efforts to achieve sustainable development through the incorporation of environmental and social issues into the national development strategy, he said.  This year, it had become a full member of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification and was seeking membership into the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

MARCO BALAREZO (Peru), speaking on behalf of the Rio Group, underscored the importance of eradicating poverty, protecting and managing natural resources and rectifying unsustainable production and consumption patterns to achieve Agenda 21 and the sustainable development commitments set forth at Johannesburg.  Financial support and technological and scientific cooperation to build human-resource capacity between the North and South were fundamental to that process, as was a stable, predictable and democratic international economic system.

The Commission on Sustainable Development was a vital tool for the Johannesburg and Agenda 21 follow-up, he said, proposing that resources for the now defunct Committee on Energy and Natural Resources for Development, be used to finance the participation by developing countries in the Commission’s regional preparatory meetings.  He also stressed that during the next session on sustainable development, the Secretary-General’s evaluation reports should reflect in an integrated way the programme of work’s economic, social and environmental aspects.

LIU HONGYANG (China) said the international opportunity should capitalize on the current favourable climate to meet the targets of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and Agenda 21.  In that regard, it should strengthen international cooperation and devise integrated strategies that balanced socio-economic development with environmental protection.  The North should assist the South through greater market access, increased development assistance and technology transfer, and debt reduction or cancellation.

He said that as the largest developing country with major stakes in environmental protection, China was committed to, and an active participant in, international efforts and dialogue to achieve sustainable development.  It would continue to formulate strategies that balanced social and economic advancement with environmental conservation.

SYED NAVID QAMAR (Pakistan) said several objectives that Agenda 21 was meant to address continued to defy the international community.  For example, 826 million of the 4.6 billion people in developing nations continued to lack basic amenities; more than 850 million were illiterate; 1 billion people lacked access to clean water; 2.4 billion lacked basic sanitation services; and almost 325 million school-aged children were not in class.  In 1992, Agenda 21’s price tag had been $625 billion annually, including $125 billion in official development assistance (ODA) for developing countries.  ODA had since decreased 20 per cent whereas the requirement for aid had increased manifold.  New innovative financing methods must be explored.

Unsustainable consumption and production patterns were also a major challenge for humanity that must be addressed, he continued.  One quarter of the world population consumed more than half of global resources, further widening the resource gap between North and South, and aggravating poverty and imbalances among nations.  Pakistan would continue to implement Agenda 21 and had already developed a national conservation strategy by, inter alia, promulgating an environmental protection act and creating various national and international environmental institutions.  Along with civil society and the private sector, their Government was also pursuing a national action plan to improve living standards and environmental conditions through clean air, clean water, solid waste management and ecosystem management.

JAGDISH KOONJUL (Mauritius), speaking on behalf of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), said that small island developing States (SIDS) acknowledged their responsibilities in building the proper environment for sustainable development, but also recognized that they needed assistance in attaining those goals.  However, no marked improvement in the level or quality of assistance given to SIDS had been seen over the past 10 years.  Some experts even contended that many development projects offered to SIDS had actually increased their overall vulnerability.  In addition, ODA to SIDS had fallen by about 50 per cent since 1990, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

He said AOSIS viewed preparation for the international meeting in Mauritius next year as a crucial opportunity to set matters straight and enlist a new international consensus to support sustainable development.  All SIDS were now busy with national preparations and consultations. In addition, AOSIS had also completed a set of regional meetings, which had focused on vulnerability and the building of resilience, terrorism and security, trade liberalization, brain drain and over-reliance on tourism.

The AOSIS had always looked to the United Nations for assistance and support, he said.  They had called for coordination of efforts, as it was painfully aware of the myriad of schemes implemented by various agencies.  Many of those were all aimed at the same targets, such as renewable energy.  With limited resources, the roles of United Nations agencies must be optimized, which could only come through better coordination.  The small island developing States Unit in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs was shouldering huge responsibilities, in preparing for the Mauritius meeting, and would be called on to assume more, after the event to monitor implementation.  Yet, the Alliance failed to understand why two General Assembly resolutions over the past two years calling for the strengthening of the Unit had remained unimplemented.

ILEANA VILLALOBOS (Venezuela) said the 2004-2017 work programme of the Commission on Sustainable Development was an excellent opportunity to integrate and move full steam ahead with implementation of the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development.  Assuring potable water and adequate sanitation services for all, as called for in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, were crucial parts of that process.  The Commission’s next session should shed light on new ways to achieve all aspects of the Johannesburg Plan, he said, adding that the results of regional preparatory consultations on the session should be submitted to the Commission secretary in advance.

He underscored the need to strengthen national capacities to promote, coordinate and integrate sustainable development at all levels for the successful implementation of Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.  In that regard, he urged the international community to make good on its commitments through better cooperation, greater financial resources and political will.

AHMED AL-HADDAD (Yemen) said the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation represented the beginning of collective work to reach internationally agreed objectives and targets.  However, many commitments had not been met within their allocated time frames, especially those to provide resources and technology to developing countries.  What had been implemented did not go beyond the minimum commitments made, although there would still be opportunities for the international community to fulfil those promises.

Yemen had paid special attention to protecting the environment at the national and intergovernmental levels, he said.  It had established special programmes for sustainable development in such areas as water, sanitation, settlements, and consumer patterns.  The momentum achieved at Johannesburg must be maintained, as must enthusiasm to achieve the Johannesburg Plan.

PABLO BERTI (Cuba) noted that 11 years after the declaration of Agenda

21, progress in implementation had been minimal.  The lack of political will, coupled with the limited financial resources of developing countries, had impeded attainment of the sustainable development goals set forth in Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.  The developed world had thus far forked over only 0.22 per cent in Gross domestic product (GDP) for development assistance, far short of the 0.7 per cent target.  For every ODA dollar received, developing countries paid $6 in debt servicing.  Debt payments totalled $340 million last year.

Industrialized countries must commit to creating a just and equitable global economic system to enable developing countries to work towards sustainable development, he said.  As long as countries in the South were net exporters of raw materials at unfair prices, that goal would be out of reach.  Despite limited resources, Cuba had carried out a sustainable development programme focused on renewable energy use.  The developed world was historically and morally obliged to clean up the environmental deterioration that had, in particular, been a drag on the economies and populations of developing countries.

PATRICK NZUSI (Kenya) said implementation of international decisions to conserve the world’s natural resources still fell short of expectations.  Soil was still being degraded, productive land was still being lost to deserts, and progress to conserve biodiversity was still lacking.  A wide range of constraints to the successful implementation of Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan would continue to limit efforts to achieve environmental sustainability, unless appropriate measures were put in place.  Special efforts were needed to address such problems as unsuitable macroeconomic policies, unsustainable domestic production and consumption patterns, inefficient management of natural resources, inadequate financial resources and increased incidence of natural disasters.

The international community must focus more on promoting policies that effectively integrated the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, he said.  Providing the means to achieve sustainable development would continue to be a major prerequisite in reaching internationally agreed goals.  Sustained efforts should be made to assist African countries create the necessary enabling environment for foreign direct investment in infrastructure development and capacity-building, among other things.  He called on United Nations bodies, regional commissions, international financial institutions, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and other organizations to increase their support to country programmes focusing on capacity.

STUART LESLIE (Belize), speaking on behalf of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), said the effects of climate change and sea level rise continued to be of serious concern for Caribbean nations.  Though they were among the smallest pollutants of the environment, those countries were the most vulnerable to the potential adverse effects of climate change and sea level rise.  Belize urged the international community to ratify the Kyoto Protocol and increase assistance to small island countries, so that they could build their capacities to adapt to the challenges of climate change and sea level rise.  CARICOM small island developing States looked forward to working with the international community in such areas as developing competitive strategies, promoting macroeconomic stability, diversification, reducing dependence on imported energy, the use of information technology, and developing a trade negotiating strategy.

Noting that CARICOM countries continued to stretch their limited resources to build and implement appropriate national and regional sustainable coordinating mechanisms, he said it was obvious that sustainable development could only be achieved through coordinated efforts.  The CARICOM countries were committed at the national and regional levels to increasing public participation in decision-making through broad-based consultation and representation of civil society.

A.C. JOSE (India), underscoring the importance of comprehensively implementing Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation, noted however, that developing countries lacked adequate resources and the institutional capacity to go it alone.  They must be given the means for implementation through new and additional financing, technology transfer on concessional, non-commercial and preferential terms, and capacity-building.

Welcoming the outcome of the eleventh session of the Commission on Sustainable Development, he urged greater cooperation and coordination within and among United Nations organizations and other international institutions.  Governments, organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations were the major stakeholders in most of the Commission’s partnerships launched thus far.  However, the involvement of civil society and the business sector could only complement, not substitute, their efforts.

NASROLLAH KAZEMI-KAMYAB (Iran) said the next meeting of the Commission on Sustainable Development must identify the real constraints that countries were facing in implementing Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan.  Proper and efficient preparation for that session was needed at both the national and regional levels for a successful outcome.  With regard to major groups, he emphasized the need to review the progress achieved in promoting the representation of major groups from the South and how the representatives of major groups were selected.

He further noted that the Secretary-General’s report had indicated growing expectations from the United Nations Forum on Forests.  The successful outcome of the Forum’s third session was a significant development in the international policy debate on sustainable forest management.  Achieving consensus on establishing three ad hoc expert groups on monitoring, assessment and reporting:  financial resource and technology transfer; the ad hoc expert group on legal framework; and agreement on establishing a trust fund for enhancing the participation of Member States, showed that the international community was determined to move ahead in an atmosphere of understanding and cooperation.

FERNANDO CASADO CANEQUE, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), said the agency had launched four partnerships in energy and technology transfer relating to the follow-up to the Commission on Sustainable Development.  They included technology transfer initiatives in 17 countries throughout Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Arab world; rural energy development strategies; promotion of industrial energy efficiency in developing nations; and the productive use of clean energy for SIDS. 

UNIDO was also developing a programme for Saint Lucia, Dominica and Grenada, together with the Climate Institute, to increase the use of available energy and achieve self-sufficiency, he said.  Underscoring the importance of full participation, engagement and joint collaboration by the United Nations system organizations and SIDS to make the upcoming Mauritius meeting a success, he said.  UNIDO had been active in the preparatory process set up by the Secretary-General. 

ANDA FILIP, Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU), stressed that legislative institutions had an important role to play in implementing the outcome of the Johannesburg Summit, saying parliaments could be forceful allies of the United Nations.  After all, parliaments ratified international agreements, adopted laws, approved budgets and held governments to account.  Parliaments were also the places where development policies were debated, and where national consensus could be forged on how to advance sustainable development.

She said a stronger working relationship with United Nations bodies could only increase the possibilities of success for implementation of the Johannesburg Plan.  Everyone stood to gain by having parliaments examine reports on sustainable development activities since that would create political awareness of the issues involved and increase the likelihood that constituency concerns would be taken into account.  To achieve that objective, however, parliamentarians would like to see those reports streamlined and simplified, which was perhaps another area where parliaments could assist the United Nations.

BHAGWAT SINGH, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), said the organization would continue its efforts to support the effective implementation of multilateral agreements, as they concerned the millennium and Johannesburg targets.  During its recent Fifth World Parks Congress in Durban, South Africa, the IUCN had adopted measure to help significantly reduce biodiversity loss by 2010.

Forests played a critical role in the lives of the rural poor, he said, adding that international forest policy must better address the concerns and priorities of the international community.  Dialogues of the United Nations Forum on Forests must be linked to the Millennium Development Goals, conceptually and in practice.  The fourth session of the Forum should recognize those synergies, as well as urge countries to mainstream forest issues into poverty reduction strategies and other related processes.  It should also request that the Head of the Forum Secretariat collaborate with the United Nations Millennium Project and that interested members, such as the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), prepare a thorough review and analysis of steps to strengthen those linkages.

BONGANI MASUKU (Swaziland) said that countries badly affected by land degradation, drought and desertification were regaining some hope that the international community was finally coming to the rescue.  States parties to the Convention to Combat Desertification had decided to make the GEF a financial mechanism of the Convention, and some $500 million was about to be spent to implement it.  The African Group of the Convention did not share the views expressed by the European Union, which had referred to the Convention secretariat spending too much time and resources, as well as lack of transparency in some proceedings.

Another important partner had denounced a lack of transparency in governance and management of the Convention before the Second Committee last week, which had continued to divide the States parties, he said.  However, there was no reason to suspect any move to divide States parties, according to all available information.  The truth was that some States parties had failed to impose their dictates over others and may feel frustrated about that.  The African Group’s main interest was to implement the Convention, and the Group called upon all partners to adopt a more positive attitude.  They should treat the Convention, not as a Convention of the poor, but as an international endeavour to fight desertification, its cause and consequences -– poverty.

LAFDAL OULD ABEIH (Mauritania) underscored the importance of the Convention to Combat Desertification and of incorporating the GEF to fund the Convention’s programmes and activities.  The Facility would help strengthen the Convention and enable a broader range of developing countries to take part in and benefit from its work, as it related to sustainable development and the curbing of land degradation, both issues of concern to Mauritania. 

It was difficult to understand why certain partners called into question the relevance of that process, he said.  The Convention’s work was an important part of achieving the goals of poverty eradication and sustainable development.  Mauritania urged the international community to fully support that process. 

CELESTINO MIGLIORE, Observer for the Holy See, said the Holy See had long been convinced of the importance of education for social and economic development.  Schools, educational, literacy and vocational training centres continued to be among the Church’s greatest achievements throughout the world.  Thousands of primary and secondary schools, as well as literacy centres operated by Church agencies provided a place where children, young people and adults could build a foundation for a better life.

He stressed that plans and goals for the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, to be launched in 2005, must go beyond primary schooling, and that programmes during the Decade must address the problem of out-of-school children.  Stressing the links between educational opportunities and development, he said children were often not in school because they were forced to work for their own survival or support their families; because they had been abducted and thrust into situations of armed conflict; because they belonged to religious or ethnic minorities; or simply because there was no school within the range of their possibilities.  Such children were most liable to be excluded from development and would most probably remain illiterate for the rest of their lives.  That vicious cycle must be broken.

CHOISUREN BAATAR (Mongolia) welcomed the 2004-2007 work programme of the Commission on Sustainable Development of Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.  Governments should continue to fully support the Convention’s two-year implementation cycles and engage and prepare for the review and policy sessions.  United Nations organizations should also continue to promote regional cooperation, information exchanges and resource sharing.  Mongolia, a party to all major United Nations conventions, had more than 20 national legal mechanisms for environmental protection.

Turning to the importance of natural resources management, he noted that according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 70 per cent of pasturelands used for livestock grazing were in a degraded state, causing soil erosion and the loss of plant life diversity.  Due to global climate change, sand cover had increased 8.7 per cent in the past 40 years.  More than 40 per cent of Mongolian territory was now arid desert, he said, stressing that combating desertification and preventing land degradation were high on the country’s national sustainable development agenda.

MASASHI MIZUKAMI (Japan) said that at the Third World Water Forum held in Kyoto in March, the ministerial conference had adopted an action oriented declaration:  “Message from the Lake Biwa and Yodo River Basin”.  It had also made public a “Portfolio of Water Actions”, identifying 501 projects tackled by

43 countries and 18 international organizations.  A network of Web sites established at the conference had begun operation in May to accelerate the speed with which each water-related action was being pursued.  Also, this year Japan had launched its own initiative, called “Japan’s ODA on Water”, and taken the leading role in formulating the Plan of Action at the Group of Eight meeting at Evian, France.  Japan would continue to make every effort to ensure the success of the various activities aimed at following up the World Summit for Sustainable Development.

He said that during its fifty-seventh session, the General Assembly had adopted a resolution on the “United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development”, sponsored by Japan and 45 co-sponsors.  From 2005 to 2015, efforts would be made to promote the Decade of Education of Sustainable Development, with UNESCO as lead agency.  The UNESCO secretariat had already produced a draft implementation scheme.  Japan would again prepare a draft resolution this year on the subject.

Reporting on initiatives in the Asia and Pacific region to follow up the work of the World Summit, he said that during the Third Japan-PIF Summit Meeting (PACM 2003) held on Okinawa, in May, the Okinawa initiative had been adopted.  It consisted of a regional development strategy for a more prosperous and safer Pacific.  The action plan was expected to contribute to further discussion on the sustainable development of small island developing States next year.  Moreover, Japan had adopted an Act for the promotion of efforts to preserve the environment and enhance environmental education.  Also, an Asian regional meeting to address environmental education would be held in Japan in the first half of next year, as part of the Prime Mover Project in the framework of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD).

BOLUS PAUL ZOM LOLO (Nigeria) said that water, sanitation and human settlements were critical for eradicating poverty in Nigeria, and Africa as a whole.  Through the Water for African Cities initiative of UN-HABITAT, Nigeria hoped to better address the management of its water services and resources.  The country was also working with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to attain food security as a means for achieving the Millennium Goals.  Other initiatives were ongoing with other institutions in the areas of health, education and rural development.

Partnership initiatives announced at Johannesburg would make a valuable contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Goals, he said.  Africa was committed to partnerships between and among African countries themselves and with the international community through the Africa-owned and led, New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).  However, partnerships should continue to complement and not substitute the implementation of intergovernmental commitments.

STEFANO TOSCANO (Switzerland) said it was important to place the Johannesburg Summit within a broad multilateral process for sustainable development.  At that Summit, Switzerland had highlighted UNEP’s role, as the central pillar of the international environmental system.  The Summit had confirmed a programme to strengthen UNEP’s political role.  The eleventh session of the Commission on Sustainable Development was an important initial step in the implementation of the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.  In that regard, he emphasized the importance of the Commission’s new working methods, notably the adoption of two-year work cycles.

He said the development of a 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and productions patters, called for by the Summit, remained one of Switzerland’s priorities, as achieving a change in patters of consumption and production was one of the key elements of sustainable development.

Regarding the decision at Johannesburg to ensure that trade, environment and economic and social development mutually strengthened each other, in order to achieve sustainable development, and promote mutual support between the multilateral trade system, and multilateral environmental agreements, he stressed the crucial importance of coherence between the commercial and environmental systems.  The creation of a hierarchy between the two systems must be avoided.

REZLAN ISHAR JENIE (Indonesia), speaking on behalf of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), said ASEAN Vision 2020 and the Hanoi Plan of Action embodied the principles of sustainable development.  The Hanoi Plan contained meaningful time-bound programmes and activities, particularly concerning transboundary haze pollution, nature conservation and biodiversity.  ASEAN environment ministers had agreed to focus with dialogue partners in December on 10 priority areas.

He said those priorities included global environmental issues:  land and forest fires and transboundary haze pollution; coastal and marine environment; sustainable forest management; sustainable natural parks management; freshwater resources; environmental education; promotion of environmentally sound technologies; urban environmental management; and sustainable development monitoring and reporting.  ASEAN had also set up a Working Group on Environmentally Sustainable Cities to spearhead programmes on urban environmental management and governance, particularly in cities.  The Group was also handling the integrated waste management programme of UNEP’s.

SURASAK SUPARAT (Thailand) said that close and concrete cooperation between the United Nations and the international community was vital in realizing commitments for sustainable development.  Global and regional partnerships were an important complementary outcome of the Johannesburg Summit, and Thailand fully supported the Multi-Year Programme of Work of the Commission on Sustainable Development.  The thematic clusters identified by the Commission were especially important to sustainable development.

Stressing that education was essential for sustainable development, he said it was an important means for transferring knowledge, values, behaviour and a way of living that was essential to a society’s sustainable development.  The Government of Thailand had set up educational programmes for sustainable development to raise the awareness of Thai youths in environmental conservation, poverty, resources, over consumption, degradation and destruction of the environment, and social disparity.  It had also encouraged educational institutions at all levels to cooperate in natural resource and environment conservation in their provinces, and to expand their curricula on subjects relating to natural resources and environmental conservation.

JEANETTE NDHLOVU (South Africa), speaking on behalf of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), said that without major interventions, African countries would not be able to meet the Millennium Goals.  The international community was urged to provide concrete assistance to Africa as outlined in NEPAD, the key sustainable development framework for the continent.  Regarding the Commission on Sustainable Development, she urged regional economic commissions to take into account, during regional meetings, the Commission’s multi-year work programme.

The upcoming twelfth meeting of the Commission should step up efforts to implement sustainable development goals, she said.  South Africa welcomed the follow-up efforts of several agencies and programmes, including UNEP, UNDP, UNESCO, FAO and the Rio conventions.  The upcoming 10-year review in Mauritius of the Barbados Programme of Action should focus on enhanced support for SIDS.

NORMA TAYLOR ROBERTS (Jamaica) said the small size, remoteness, ecological fragility and economic vulnerabilities of SIDS were ongoing challenges to long-term sustainable development, and required the special attention of the international community.  If SIDS were to significantly reduce poverty, they would need special attention to overcome such problems as scarce land resources, severe pressures on marine and coastal zones, vulnerability to natural disasters, climate change and sea level rise, and erratic capital flows.  Despite those vulnerabilities, ODA had been steadily declining since the adoption of the Barbados Programme of Action and had been consistently below the level needed for the implementation of commitments made.

The international meeting set for Mauritius in 2004 would set the stage for accelerating the momentum for international engagement in support of SIDS, she said.  The meeting should encourage strong political will to advance the sustainable development goals of SIDS and to chart a course for speeding up implementation.  Small islands urgently needed support to set up economic, social and environmental vulnerability indices, reduce poverty, implement sustainable fisheries management, develop programmes on marine and coastal biodiversity, improve access to information technologies and address the problems of climate change and sea level rise.

RASHID ALIMOV (Tajikistan) said his country attached great importance to the strengthening of regional and global cooperation to achieve the sustainable development goals set forth at Johannesburg.  Thanks to international assistance, Tajikistan was able to move a step closer to implementing the Johannesburg targets.  The upcoming Decade of Education for Sustainable Development would further place sustainable development at the forefront of the international agenda.

Turning to the 2003 International Year of Freshwater, he said several meetings on water resource preservation this year had brought water partnerships to a new level.  Preserving water and water resources meant peace and stability.  Forty per cent of Central Asia’s water resources were concentrated in Tajikistan.  However, even Tajik residents were facing water shortages.  Solving the problem of freshwater scarcity would require consistent, comprehensive efforts among governments, intergovernmental organizations, the business sector, scientists and others.  Tajikistan was encouraged by the Commission on Sustainable Development’s decision to devote its upcoming twelfth session to water and sanitation issues.

SUSANA RIVERO (Uruguay), speaking on behalf of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), said the group’s members had made tremendous strides to defend sustainable development and implement Agenda 21.  Citing the joint management of subterranean aquifer reserves, she said, a subregional commission for the joint management, by MERCOSUR countries of the Guarani aquifer system, the second largest freshwater reserve in the world, had been set up in Uruguay.  The commission regulated the exploitation, research and management of the aquifer -– an eloquent testimony to the possibility of achieving cooperation in water-related matters.

She said MERCOSUR was concerned about the negative image of deforestation, presented at various non-governmental meetings, which formed opinions without adequate representation.  Such meetings considered only recent data and sought to absolve from responsibility, countries that had abused forestry resources for decades.  That trend ignored the agreed principle of historical responsibility, as well as the responsibility of leadership.

JUNE CLARKE (Barbados) said that since the 1994 adoption of the Barbados Programme of Action, small island developing States (SIDS) had carried out approximately 70 per cent of the Programme’s required actions and measures, proof of their appreciation for and commitment to the deriving of the greatest possible benefit from its implementation.  However, lack of effective and sustained support at the international level continued to thwart national regional implementation efforts.  It was hoped that the Mauritius review in 2004 would result in renewed political commitment and support for implementation.

Emerging economic and social obstacles to sustainable development in SIDS should be incorporated into the Barbados Programme, she said.  For example, globalization and trade liberalization had further marginalized the ability of SIDS to benefit from the international economic, financial and trading systems.  Historically, their economic performance was a product of preferential market access to concessionary financing, opportunities for emigration of semi-skilled and unskilled labour, and incentive regimes to attract investment, in such areas as offshore services and tourism.  International systems must be made more transparent and inclusive in order for SIDS to push forward sound macroeconomic policies and sustainable development.

AUNG HTOO (Myanmar) said that water was considered a vital resource for food and agricultural production in Myanmar, as well as for health and sanitation.  The Government had increased the availability of water through five measures –- building new reservoirs and dams, renovating existing reservoirs and irrigation systems, diverting water from streams and rivulets, using water from rivers and streams through pumping stations, and efficiently using ground water.  Irrigated land in Uruguay had significantly increased over the past decade from 1.3 million acres to more than two million acres of agricultural land.

Human settlement was also important for sustainable development, he said. After switching to a market economy in 1988, the urban population in Myanmar had increased, especially in major cities.  The country had recently experienced urban congestion, traffic and water disposal problems, as well as water and electricity supply problems.  The Government had set up new towns in suburban areas to give urban dwellers decent housing, and recently begun a project to green the 30-mile radius of Yangon, the capital city.

SICHAN SIV (United States) said that last May, the Commission on Sustainable Development had adopted a series of ground breaking reforms to make the United Nations more responsive and relevant to the needs of all, particularly developing countries.  It had agreed to focus each two-year work cycles on a set of priorities; to facilitate action and capacity-building, including through experts’ training at its Learning Centre; and to build on its successful Partnerships Fair concept, by providing forums for sustainable development representatives to exchange experiences, enhance ongoing partnerships and forge new ones. 

Such reforms represented a new and promising way of doing business at the United Nations, he said.  Next April’s review session of the Commission on Sustainable Development would be a crucial test, as to whether the United Nations could convene international experts to truly focus not just on norm-setting, but also on real actions on the ground to solve today’s critical problems.  It was a tremendous opportunity to make substantial progress on water, sanitation, and human settlements.

XENIA VON LILIEN-WALDAU, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), said 900 million livelihoods were fundamentally linked to the natural environment.  The rural poor were often locked into a cycle of worsening the environment and living in poverty.  Land degradation and desertification remained as much a developmental challenge, as an environmental problem.

A vital function of the Convention to Combat Desertification, she said, was that it surpassed immediate environmental concerns to consider long-term effects.  It was an important instrument for the international community in achieving the millennium goals, and both developing and developed countries must join forces in implementing it.  Many developing countries had already set up action plans, but needed to further integrate those plans into national poverty reduction strategies.  For their part, donor countries and multilateral organizations must further their commitments under the Convention, with a priority on increased funding.

FLORENCE CHENOWETH, Director of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Liaison Office with the United Nations, said the agency had taken a leading role in several partnerships to implement the Johannesburg target of halving the number of people living on less than one dollar per day by 2015.  The FAO was working to develop integrated water resources management and water efficiency plans by

2005 to meet future food production needs, especially in developing countries, and to put greater emphasis on renewable energy development and use.

She said FAO’s myriad activities to promote sustainable development included an anti-hunger programme; an advisory committee on fishery research; capacity-building programmes on bio-technology, food quality and safety; education in rural areas; preparation of the first Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources; and the launching in October of the International Year of Rice.

JEANELLE VAN GLAANENWEYGEL (Suriname) said that investing in education was a crucial part of her country’s development policy.  Education was one of the most effective tools in making the necessary changes to achieve sustainable development.  One of the Government’s main partners, in that respect, was Conservation International, which was currently implementing several projects in Suriname.  They included developing and distributing educational material on the importance of the environment, technical assistance to adapt the University of Suriname’s curricula and a 10-year research programme that would be carried out in the Central Suriname Nature Reserve.

Education for sustainable development must explore the economic, political and social implications of sustainability, she said.  Educational approaches must consider the experiences of indigenous cultures and minorities, acknowledging their original and vital contributions to sustainable development.

RHODA JACKSON (Bahamas) said that as tourism was her country’s primary industry, as well as that of other small island developing States (SIDS), the Bahamas was committed to ensuring environmental sustainability for its economic survival and social development.  The Ministry of Tourism’s Sustainable Tourism Unit and the Bahamas Environment Science and Technology Commission had raised public awareness about the importance of a clean, healthy environment for citizens and tourists alike.  With 80 per cent of its land at less than five feet above average sea level, the Bahamas was seriously concerned about climate change and sea level rise.  It also considered coastal and marine resource management, natural and environmental disaster management, waste management, biodiversity and bio safety and the promotion of renewable energy, as priority areas.

She said the effective implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action, was critical to the ability of SIDS to meet those challenges.  Increased attention must also be paid to poverty eradication, HIV/AIDS and crime, including the illicit drug trade and use of drugs that impinged on sustainable development in the Caribbean.  She lauded recent steps to strengthen the Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ SIDS Unit and called on the United Nations to continue to support SIDS in their quest to implement the Barbados Programme.

Introduction of Resolution

Mr. ARROUCHI (Morocco), introducing a draft resolution on implementation of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (1997-2006), said the text was aimed at underscoring the priority that the Monterrey Conference had given to eradicating poverty -- the biggest global challenge facing the world today.  It also underscored the importance of women in eradicating poverty and emphasized the burden that debt servicing placed on developing countries.

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