Secretary-General Underscores Two-State Solution Only Way to End Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, One-State Formula Inconceivable, in Day-Long Debate
Ministers Urge Efforts towards This End as Regional Tensions Rise
A lasting end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can only come through a two-State solution, the United Nations chief told the Security Council today, following the reported rejection of such a formula by Israel’s leaders amid the humanitarian crisis in Gaza.
“Any refusal to accept the two-State solution by any party must be firmly rejected,” said United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres in his briefing to the 15-nation organ, stressing that Israeli leaders’ recent, clear and repeated rejection of a two-State solution is unacceptable.
The denial of the right to Statehood would indefinitely prolong the conflict, and a one-State solution — huge Palestinian populations inside that State without any real sense of freedom, rights and dignity — would be inconceivable. The only way to address the legitimate aspirations of both Israelis and Palestinians is through the two-State formula, he underscored.
Riyad Al-Maliki, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of the State of Palestine, said that Israeli leaders “do not see our people as an empirical and political reality to coexist with, but as a demographic threat to get rid of through death, displacement or subjugation”.
There are only two paths ahead, he stressed — one that starts with Palestinian freedom and leads to shared peace and security in the region, or one that continues denying this freedom and dooms the region to endless conflict. “Israel should no longer entertain the illusion that there is somehow a third path whereby it can choose continued occupation and colonialism and apartheid and somehow still achieve regional peace and security,” he emphasized.
Israel’s representative, meanwhile, urged the Council to shift its focus towards addressing the real, significant security threats in the Middle East, which is suffering from “cancer” — the continuous threat posed by Hamas, which exploits international aid to turn Gaza into “a war machine”, as well as the “genocidal goals of annihilating Israel” pursued by Hamas during the 7 October events where over 1,200 Israelis were killed.
Describing Council members’ calls for a ceasefire as “shocking”, he warned that any such measure would leave Hamas in power, allowing them to regroup and rearm while “Israelis will face another attempted Holocaust”.
Today’s meeting featured more than 60 speakers, including many ministers, who discussed the need for a humanitarian ceasefire, the urgency with which to scale up aid, the importance of pursuing a two-State solution and the imperative to avoid further regional escalation.
Stéphane Séjourné, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, Council President for January, spoke in his national capacity to point out that the Council has two possible options. The first is division, argument and fanning the flames — the choice of those who invade their neighbour. His choice, however, would be the second option — to stand alongside both Israelis and Palestinians, for peace and the good of both, which entails difficult things for both sides.
To Israel, he said that there must be a Palestinian State. To Palestinians, he said that there could be no ambiguity about Israel’s right to live in peace and security and to exercise its right to self-defence in the face of terrorism. The path ahead will be difficult for all, he said, calling for a relaunched peace process through the two-State formula. It is not for Israel to decide for Palestinians how they will be governed tomorrow, nor the scope of their sovereignty, he added.
Ahmed Attaf, Minister for Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad of Algeria, warned that Israel is trying to build a greater presence on the ruins of the Palestinian national project and called for the convening of an international peace conference to achieve a definitive solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict based on a two-State formula. After everything that has happened in Gaza, the international community cannot simply manage the ramifications of this war without any regard for its root causes. He also said that it is unacceptable for the Middle East’s peace and security to be held hostage by Israel’s occupation.
Sergey V. Lavrov, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, said that the Council has not mounted an appropriate response to the situation due to the position of the United States. He went on to call for a world order based not on Anglo-Saxon rules, but on international law with the United Nations playing a central role. Western countries want to focus on the day after the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as if the escalation in Gaza had already ceased, he pointed out, adding that the cunning logic of Western delegations is obvious, as they have blocked all Council efforts to call for an acutely necessary ceasefire.
For her part, Uzra Zeya, Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights of the United States, called on Israeli leaders to take feasible precautions to minimize civilian harm in line with international law. She also emphasized Hamas’ role in unleashing the conflict and condemned attacks in the wider region by Iran and its proxies. Emphasizing that the only guarantor of peace is a two-State solution — with Israel’s security guaranteed — she called for a strong Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza, even if this was “difficult to imagine”.
David Moinina Sengeh, Chief Minister of Sierra Leone, highlighting the Council’s efforts so far — including the adoption of resolutions calling on the parties to observe international law – said that a full, comprehensive ceasefire is “the minimum required” for any humanitarian operation to be successful in the Gaza Strip. Voicing alarm over rising tensions across the region, he urged that all diplomatic and political possibilities for finding a solution based on the two-State formula be explored.
THE SITUATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST, INCLUDING THE PALESTINIAN QUESTION
Briefing
ANTÓNIO GUTERRES, Secretary-General of the United Nations, noted that 100 days have passed since more than 1,200 Israelis and others were killed, and over 250 taken hostage, in the horrific terror attacks launched by Hamas. Nothing can justify such barbaric acts, he stressed, demanding the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. Noting a report that Israel is proposing a two-month pause in hostilities in exchange for a phased release of all remaining hostages, he vowed to continue — in his limited capacity — to pursue all efforts to contribute to their release. However, pointing out that more than 25,000 people — mainly women and children — have reportedly been killed in operations launched by Israeli forces, he underscored that nothing can justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people.
With winter bearing down, 2.2 million Palestinians in Gaza face inhumane, squalid conditions, struggling to simply make it through another day without proper shelter, heating, sanitary facilities, food and drinkable water, he said, spotlighting UN efforts to deliver aid and alleviate the colossal human suffering there. Tragically, 153 UN staff have been killed. Against this backdrop, he welcomed the agreement, facilitated by Qatar and France, to deliver additional medicine and health-care supplies to civilians and to hostages held in Gaza, as well as Israel’s announcement that it will allow a UN assessment mission to the north of the enclave. But that mission is on hold because of renewed fighting, he reported, renewing his appeal for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire.
Warning that the risks of broader regional escalation are now becoming a reality, he cited daily exchanges of fire across the Blue Line; Houthi attacks on global trade in the Red Sea, followed by airstrikes by the United States and the United Kingdom on Houthi positions in Yemen; and recent flareups in Iran and Syria. Urging all parties to step back from the brink and consider the horrendous human cost of a regional conflict, he underscored that — beyond the need for immediate de-escalation — each situation demands the implementation of a clear political road map towards long-term regional stability. For Syria, this means a UN-facilitated political solution in line with resolution 2254 (2015); along the Blue Line, full implementation of resolution 1701 (2006); and, for Yemen, the establishment of a UN road map to implement the commitments made by the parties and prepare for a Yemeni-owned, inclusive political process.
A lasting end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, meanwhile, can only come through a two-State solution, he declared. Israelis must see their legitimate needs for security materialized, and Palestinians must see their legitimate aspirations for a fully independent, viable and sovereign State realized. Further, Israel’s occupation must end, and Israeli leaders’ recent, clear and repeated rejection of a two-State solution is unacceptable. The denial of the right to Statehood would indefinitely prolong the conflict, and a one-State solution — huge Palestinian populations inside that State without any real sense of freedom, rights and dignity — would be inconceivable. “Any refusal to accept the two-State solution by any party must be firmly rejected,” he said, stressing that the only way to address the legitimate aspirations of both Israelis and Palestinians is through that formula. The role of the international community is clear, he concluded, calling for unity and support for Israelis and Palestinians to take strong steps towards a genuine peace process.
Statements
RIYAD AL-MALIKI, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of the State of Palestine, painted a grim picture of Israel’s deadly aggression against the Palestinian people, which continues unabated and is taking thousands of innocent civilian lives, destroying everything in its path and threatening regional and international peace and security. This is not the result of a natural disaster, or a regrettable consequence of war — rather, it is a premeditated effort to inflict maximum pain on the Palestinian population. Israel has unleashed the most savage and indiscriminate bombing campaign since the Second World War. Further, it has imposed a cruel siege on Gaza — leading to famine, dehydration, disease and despair — and its actions have led to forcible displacement at a scale and speed not witnessed in modern history.
“No home, hospital, school, mosque, church or UNRWA [United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East] shelter is safe from Israel’s bombardments,” he declared, pointing to “2,000-ton bombs dropped with no care whatsoever for civilian lives”. More than 25,000 civilians have been killed — including over 11,000 children — more than 63,000 have been injured, thousands have been permanently maimed or disabled and more than 7,000 have been buried under the rubble. Dozens more will be killed in the hours that this Council meets and thousands more as the Council continues being prevented from calling for an immediate ceasefire, he pointed out, noting that these atrocities “shock and shame the human conscience”.
“From Kampala, where the Global South was gathered, to Brussels where Arab Ministers met their European counterparts, to the United Nations in New York, the world is calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire,” he said, juxtaposing the will of the international community with “the whims of an Israeli Prime Minister driven by a single goal — his own political survival, at the expense of the survival of millions of Palestinians”. Israeli leaders, he said, “do not see our people as an empirical and political reality to coexist with, but as a demographic threat to get rid of through death, displacement or subjugation”.
There are only two paths ahead, he stressed — one that starts with Palestinian freedom and leads to shared peace and security in the region, or one that continues denying this freedom and dooms the region to endless conflict. “Israel should no longer entertain the illusion that there is somehow a third path whereby it can choose continued occupation and colonialism and apartheid and somehow still achieve regional peace and security,” he emphasized. Instead, it is time for international law and UN resolutions to be respected fully, for non-compliance to be penalized and for accountability. Also, it is time to recognize and admit the State of Palestine to the UN. “There are two choices — a spreading fire or a ceasefire,” he said, adding that the alternative to freedom, justice and peace is what is happening now.
The representative of Israel urged the Council to shift its focus towards addressing the real, significant security threats in the Middle East, which is suffering from “cancer”. Noting that the Council’s solutions are equivalent to providing “aspirin for cancer”, he urged eliminating the root causes of the disease. On that, he spotlighted the continuous threat posed by Hamas, which exploits international aid to turn Gaza into “a war machine”, as well as the “genocidal goals of annihilating Israel” pursued by Hamas during the 7 October events where over 1,200 Israelis were killed. Describing calls for a ceasefire by Council members as “shocking”, he warned that any such measure would leave Hamas in power, allowing them to regroup and rearm while “Israelis will face another attempted Holocaust”.
Against that backdrop, he reiterated his country’s commitment to defending its future and criticized the international community for advocating for a ceasefire without addressing the root causes of the conflict. Turning to a formula to end the bloodshed, he proposed that Hamas turns in those responsible for the 7 October attack and releases all hostages. However, Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad are “a mere symptom of the true security threat in the region”, he said, accusing the Iranian regime of sponsoring terrorism and supplying weapons to Hamas and Hizbullah. “This is an upside-down world, where the representative of a regime that publicly calls for the annihilation of the State of Israel is advising on how to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,” he said, questioning the Iranian Foreign Minister’s participation in Council discussions.
Warning about the potential spillover of the conflict, he said that it was planned and instructed by Iran, citing instances where Iranian weapons were used in attacks beyond the Middle East — including in Africa and Europe. He then asked whether the Council will finally address the real threat to regional security, calling Iran “the architect of instability”. That State murders its citizens while its Minister lectures the international community on the sanctity of human life. If the Council continues to focus only on providing aid to Gaza — which is important but ignores the root of the dire threat to the Middle East — he warned that “Iran’s terror will reach all of you”. “Our collective future will be a very dark radical Shiite future,” he concluded.
STÉPHANE SÉJOURNÉ, Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, Council President for January, spoke in his national capacity to point out that the Council has two possible options. The first is division, argument and fanning the flames — the choice of those who invade their neighbour. His choice, however, would be the second option — to stand alongside both Israelis and Palestinians, for peace and the good of both, which entails difficult things for both sides. To Israel, he said that there must be a Palestinian State; that violence towards Palestinians, particularly by extremist settlers, must end; and that international law applies to everyone. To Palestinians, he said that there could be no ambiguity about Israel’s right to live in peace and security and to exercise its right to self-defence in the face of terrorism. The path ahead will be difficult for all, he said, noting that his country’s actions will be guided by three principles, the first of which was humanity.
He therefore called for the immediate, unconditional release of all hostages; the condemnation of the 7 October terrorist attacks; and the establishment of a ceasefire. In this context, he spotlighted an international humanitarian conference held by French President Emmanuel Macron, in which €1 billion in aid for Gaza’s civilians was announced, as well as his country’s enhanced contribution to UNRWA. Turning to the second principle — justice — he called for a relaunched peace process, through the two-State solution, stating that it is not for Israel to decide for Palestinians how they will be governed tomorrow, nor the scope of their sovereignty. As well, the violence by settlers in the West Bank is unacceptable and must end. Finally, he underscored the need to prevent regional escalation, noting that some groups use their subordinates to add to chaos.
AHMED ATTAF, Minister for Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad of Algeria, noted that as the aggression in Gaza is about to enter its fifth month, the Council must confront three key challenges. The first is to ensure respect for United Nations resolutions and international laws. It is unacceptable to tolerate the grave violations of United Nations decisions. The second is to ensure that no Member State is above others. No country should receive special treatment with unjustified and unacceptable immunities. The third is the need to compel Israel, the colonizing Power, to uphold international law and end the ongoing situation. He noted South Africa’s initiative to institute proceedings at the International Court of Justice in response to the ongoing genocidal war in Gaza, as well as Chile’s referral of crimes committed in Gaza to the International Criminal Court. These initiatives deserve recognition and support as they represent “a step in the right direction”, he emphasized, calling on international judicial bodies to uphold their responsibilities.
He underscored the role of the Security Council in upholding international peace and security, urging the organ to ensure an immediate ceasefire as an utmost priority. Israel is trying to build a greater presence on the ruins of the Palestinian national project, he said, calling for the convening of an international peace conference under United Nations auspices to achieve a definitive lasting solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict based on a two-State solution. After everything that has happened in Gaza, the international community cannot simply manage the ramifications of this war without any regard for the root causes of it. It is unacceptable for peace and security in the Middle East to be held hostage by the occupation by Israel.
TANJA FAJON, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign and European Affairs of Slovenia, called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and in the region to ensure the protection of civilians. Only a ceasefire will enable the delivery of humanitarian assistance at the scale required as well as provide for creating the conditions for the safe return of displaced people. Deploring the statements by Israeli officials proposing the mass displacement of Palestinians from Gaza, she expressed deep concern about the living conditions of the internally displaced Palestinians in Gaza, adding that “people are forced to flee again and again, being pushed to safe zones which are later bombed.”
The ceasefire and a renewed vision of a two-State solution are critical for preventing the proliferation of extremism and extremist ideologies, she said, urging to start preparing an international peace conference “to address all the puzzle pieces of a two-State solution in a comprehensive manner”. Underscoring that a ceasefire will enable accountability for the crimes committed by Hamas and violations of international humanitarian law, she warned about mounting regional tensions which may soon reach a point of no return. A ceasefire will enable reconstruction of Gaza and lead to an independent Palestinian State, a safe and secure Israel and a peaceful region.
IGNAZIO CASSIS, Federal Councilor and Head of the Federal Department for Foreign Affairs of Switzerland, said that, in the face of extreme hatred and suffering in the Middle East, he was concerned by one question: “What can we do?” The Council has not managed to implement the two resolutions it has adopted, while, in fact, only some of the hostages have been released; civilians continue to die every day, and international humanitarian law continues to be violated. Nonetheless, he emphasized the need to not give into frustration, emphasizing the need for three points to be considered for lasting peace. The first, he said, was that the Middle East is no longer what it was at the time of the Camp David or Oslo Agreements, with regional States wanting to play a key role. Therefore, no lasting peace in the Middle East will be possible without a regional political consensus, he added.
Further, he went on, Israel has developed a new regional diplomatic dynamic, calling this a sign that political common ground exists. Moreover, the foundation of a lasting peace remains the creation of a two-State solution, he said, emphasizing: “We can no longer afford to manage this conflict.” In the face of the present tipping point in Gaza, he called for concrete steps to be taken towards a political resolution of the conflict, advocating a “common approach” involving the parties to the conflict, regional States and Council members. To this end, he called for the release of the remaining hostages, a humanitarian ceasefire; unimpeded access for humanitarian aid; and unimpeded respect for international humanitarian law, all against the backdrop of a political solution. Underscoring the need for the Council to work towards a “new peace geography”, he said, “Some will find this utopian. But I prefer utopia to dystopia.”
SERGEY V. LAVROV, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, said that this meeting is taking place at a truly dramatic time not just from the viewpoint of geopolitics, but of the morality of humanity, stressing the need to ensure a ceasefire and end the suffering of Palestinians. Equally needed are steps towards avoiding further destabilization across the Middle East. To date, the Council has not mounted an appropriate response to the situation due to the position of the United States. That country has blocked all efforts and initiatives geared towards ending the bloodshed in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The United States oscillates between vetoing resolutions about the ceasefire and calling for a reduction in the intensity of hostilities in Gaza. This serves as a carte blanche for the ongoing collective punishment of Palestinians.
Categorically repudiating the aggression against Yemen by the United States and United Kingdom without Council approval, he said that their actions pose a direct threat to international peace. He went on to call for a world order not based on Anglo-Saxon rules, but on international law with the United Nations playing a central role. He also condemned Israeli strikes in Syria. Western countries want to focus on the day after the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as if the escalation in Gaza had already ceased. The cunning logic of Western delegations is obvious, as they have blocked all Council efforts to call for a ceasefire, which is so acutely necessary.
DAVID MOININA SENGEH, Chief Minister of Sierra Leone, condemning Hamas’ 7 October attack on Israel, stressed that those responsible must be held accountable and called for the release of all hostages. The escalation of violence in the Gaza Strip is concerning, he said, spotlighting “the unacceptable human cost” paid by health-care workers, United Nations staff and journalists. Highlighting the significant efforts made in the Council – including the adoption of resolutions 2712 (2023) and 2720 (2023), which called on the parties to observe international law — he said that a full and comprehensive ceasefire is “the minimum required” for any humanitarian operation to be successful in the Gaza Strip.
He also expressed concern over Israeli political actors’ rhetoric regarding the forcible displacement of Palestinians and rejected any attempt to remove Palestinians from the Gaza Strip or the West Bank either temporarily or permanently. Further, he voiced alarm over rising tensions in the West Bank, across the Blue Line in Lebanon and in the Red Sea, calling on the relevant parties to desist from any action that will further endanger the lives of civilians, escalate regional tensions or threaten global peace and security. All diplomatic and political avenues geared towards finding a just and lasting solution to the conflict, based on the two-State solution, should be further explored, he added.
TARIQ AHMAD, Minister of State for the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia, Commonwealth and United Nations of the United Kingdom, called for an immediate pause to get life-saving aid in and hostages out of Gaza. He also called on Israel to significantly increase the flow of aid into Gaza under resolution 2720 (2024).
Expressing support for Israel’s right to self-defence, he condemned all forms of terror. Hamas’ horrific terrorist attacks have had an irreversible impact on innocent lives. The militant group must agree that it will release all hostages, no longer be in charge of Gaza, and no longer pose a threat to Israel through security and terror attacks. He went on to underscore the need for an agreement in place for the return of the Palestinian Authority to Gaza. There must be a Palestinian-led Government in Gaza and the West Bank, a concrete plan to help revitalize and support the Palestinian Authority, a massive reconstruction plan for Gaza and a political horizon towards a two-State solution.
UZRA ZEYA, Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights of the United States, underscored the need for more to be done to ensure rapid humanitarian assistance at scale for all civilians in Gaza. Welcoming the appointment of Sigrid Kaag as Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza, she emphasized the need for adequate resources and support for her role, adding: “Her success is the United Nations’ success in Gaza, and the United Nations’ role is irreplaceable.” She went on to reject calls to relocate Palestinians outside Gaza, also condemning dehumanizing language used by officials on all sides of the conflict. Israeli leaders must take feasible precautions to minimize civilian harm in line with international law, she said, also calling for the protection of humanitarian workers. On that, she pointed out that the 150 UNRWA staff killed since 7 October marks the largest such loss in the Organization’s history.
The protected status of hospitals in western Khan Younis must be respected, she went on to say, adding that Hamas must not be allowed to launch attacks from such facilities. Emphasizing that group’s role in unleashing the conflict, she stressed that its perpetration of conflict-related sexual violence is “undisputed” and called for the release of the 100 remaining hostages. On the regional situation, she condemned attacks by Iran and its proxies, including on Iraq and Pakistan, and said that Houthi attacks in the Red Sea must cease in line with resolution 2722 (2024). As well, she called for a diplomatic solution to be reached on the Blue Line and condemned the forced displacement and unprecedented settler violence in the West Bank. Emphasizing that the only guarantor of peace is a two-State solution — with Israel’s security guaranteed — she called for a strong Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Gaza, even if this was “difficult to imagine”.
The representative of the Republic of Korea said that, since 7 October, more than 25,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed during Israeli military operations, adding: “Every day, we see and hear their tears, their fears, their cries and their pleas for protection under a backdrop of air strikes, looming famine and displacement.” More than 85 per cent of Gaza’s population is internally displaced, he said, noting that, as hospitals and UNRWA facilities are under attack, there is no safe place in the Strip. Despite two resolutions adopted by the Council since 7 October, there is little progress on the ground, he said, calling for safe humanitarian access into and across Gaza, in line with Security Council resolution 2720 (2023). He called for a sustainable humanitarian ceasefire, for the cessation of all hostilities and the release of all hostages. He called on non-State actors in the region to cease provocative actions and stated that parties across the Blue Line between Israel and Lebanon must exercise the utmost restraint.
The representative of Mozambique said that, following the horrendous massacre of 1,200 Israeli people and the abduction of about 240 by Hamas on 7 October 2023, the world cannot remain indifferent to what is happening in Gaza: The reported killing by the Israeli Defense Forces of nearly 25,000 people, 70 per cent of whom are women and children. “Refusing water, food and medicine to civilian and innocent people in a war situation is contrary to the basic principles of human dignity,” he stressed, noting that the modern laws of war and moral standards do not accept such a situation. Furthermore, a regional escalation of this conflict is a clear and present danger. “In a troubled region like the Middle East, where conflict begets conflict, we need to be cautious and prudent in every move we make, in every step we take,” he said, underscoring the need to avoid unimaginable political and security consequences that can jeopardize global peace and security.
UEMURA TSUKASA, Special Envoy for the Middle East Peace of Japan, emphasized the significance of the two resolutions adopted by the Council to improve the humanitarian situation in Gaza, attributing them to “the toil and sweat” of its members. However, he stressed that these resolutions should not remain mere pieces of paper if the international community wishes to avoid more bloodshed. Acknowledging ongoing negotiations among concerned countries outside the Council chamber, he expressed concern that the conflict is spilling over to the West Bank, Lebanon, the Red Sea, Yemen and beyond. “We are at a crossroads,” he said, calling for de-escalation before these conflicts evolve into a larger regional confrontation. In this context, he stressed that a two-State solution has never been more crucial, underscoring Japan’s role as an “escort runner” accompanying Palestine, Israel and all peoples in the Middle East through good and bad times.
The representative of China said the tragedy in Gaza violates the conscience of humankind and the bottom line of international law. “There is no justification for this and it absolutely should not continue,” he stressed, highlighting the consensus in the international community on an immediate ceasefire. Strong will, vigorous initiatives and effective actions from the United Nations, including the Security Council, are needed to halt the flames of war and restore peace. He further emphasized that an immediate ceasefire should be the highest priority and called on Israel to immediately reverse its course and cease indiscriminate military attacks on Gaza. The two-State solution is the only viable path for achieving peace between Palestine and Israel, he said, expressing grave concern over recent Israeli leadership statements rejecting this solution. Palestinian Statehood must be an irreversible process, he said, expressing support to the full membership of Palestine in the United Nations.
The representative of Guyana, expressing concern over the desperate humanitarian situation in Gaza, welcomed the Secretary-General’s appointment of Sigrid Kaag as Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza. However, intervention will not be sustainable without a lasting ceasefire, she said, urging intensified efforts by Council members towards this end. Condemning ongoing, indiscriminate attacks against hospitals, refugee camps and UN facilities, she called on the Israeli Defense Forces to cease killing innocent civilians. “There must be consequences for these illegal actions,” she added. Deploring the myriad consequences of the war in Gaza, including the interruption to the delivery of education and health-care services, she underscored: “The hostilities must end so that the Palestinian people can rebuild their lives.” She went on to reject any plans for the forced resettlement of the population of Gaza to foreign countries, urging the Council to prevent such an occurrence.
The representative of Ecuador condemned the terrorist attack perpetrated by Hamas on 7 October 2023 and called for the immediate and unconditional release of hostages. Likewise, after more than 100 days of war, the humanitarian situation in Gaza is heart-breaking, with the numbers of dead and injured continuing to grow. Hunger, overcrowding and disease are gaining ground, he observed, underlining the need to facilitate the safe delivery of humanitarian aid to those in need. For this reason, “a humanitarian ceasefire is unavoidable”, he stressed, noting that conditions must be created that allow progress towards a peaceful, negotiated, definitive and fair solution for the parties, with the existence of two States. Every word or action that undermines the possibility of a two-State solution contributes to perpetuating the conflict and does nothing to improve security, he asserted, adding that it is time to focus on achieving the long-awaited peace.
The representative of Malta condemned Hamas’ 7 October terrorist attacks but added that the collective punishment of the entire population of Gaza has no justification. Actions taken by Israel must be in strict accordance with international humanitarian law. Noting that “nowhere and no one is safe” in Gaza, where people are starving, she urged the delivery of humanitarian aid and the opening of additional crossing points. However, only a ceasefire can ensure a sufficient, effective humanitarian response and create conditions conducive for a return to dialogue and peace. Voicing alarm over the rapidly deteriorating situation in the West Bank, she said that illegal settlements violate international law and that Israeli settler violence must be addressed. Turning to the situation in the broader region, she called on all parties, including non-State actors, to exercise restraint and uphold the norms of international law.
AYMAN H. SAFADI, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates of Jordan, stating that Israel’s aggression towards Gaza has lasted for far too long, recalled that, over 109 days of brutality, more than 25,000 lives have been taken and thousands of children have been buried under the rubble. While “Israel is making a mockery of international law”, the Security Council has yet to demand a ceasefire, he pointed out. Further, the organ has yet to enforce its own resolution demanding that food get to the starved, medicine to the ill and wounded and anaesthesia to children undergoing surgery to treat injuries caused by indiscriminate Israeli shelling of homes, schools, hospitals and shelters. He underscored: “Stop this massacre.”
No place in Gaza is safe, he went on to say, noting that even the dead in 16 cemeteries have been dug out by Israeli soldiers. Such crimes were not the actions of rogue troops, but an expression of the extremist, racist agenda propelling the war, which has systematically dehumanized 5 million Palestinians under Israeli occupation in Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and is embraced by Israeli ministers. Deploring the dire situation faced by Gaza’s civilians, who are internally displaced, he said that 500,000 Palestinians are being starved by Israel. Such brutality must not be allowed to continue, he said, adding: “Adopting a binding Security Council resolution forcing the end of this misery is the least that you can do now.”
HAKAN FIDAN, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Türkiye, said that, 109 days into the conflict, “it is a shame that the international community is still unable to stop the bloodshed in Gaza and the West Bank”. Gaza used to be an open prison; now, it is a battleground where Israel’s Prime Minister runs military operations to extend his political life. The argument that the current war is about providing security for Israel is “far from being convincing”, he stressed, adding that the situation in Gaza and the West Bank clearly demonstrates who needs security and the right to self-defence most. He further emphasized that those responsible for committing war crimes must be held accountable, expressing concern that Israel’s war crimes in Gaza may amount to genocide.
In this regard, he welcomed the application before the International Court of Justice concerning Israel’s violations of its obligations under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. “It is a timely attempt to protect the Palestinian people against further harm,” he added. He also underlined the need to avoid the geographical escalation of the conflict, noting that today, “the risk has become reality”, as demonstrated by the “very alarming” incidents in the Red Sea, Yemen, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Iran and Pakistan. “This escalation has the potential to turn into a geostrategic vortex from which no one can escape,” he warned, noting that the international community has the historical responsibility to stop this war.
HOSSEIN AMIR-ABDOLLAHIAN, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iran, said that the Council’s inability to address the crimes of the Israeli regime, and to hold it accountable, is unacceptable. He also pointed out that the United States is obstructing the Council from preventing the ongoing genocide in Gaza and establishing a ceasefire. Despite expressing concerns about regional tensions, the United States continues to support the Israeli regime’s war machine, violate the sovereignty of Yemen and expand the scope of the conflict. The killing of civilians in Gaza and the West Bank cannot continue until the “total destruction of Hamas”, he stressed, warning that “this time will never come”.
Turning to a solution for the current crisis, he urged the Council to adopt a decisive resolution demanding an immediate and permanent ceasefire, the unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid and Israel’s complete withdrawal from Gaza. Underscoring the need to lift the blockade of Gaza and facilitate the return of Gazans to their homes, he also urged accountability for the war crimes committed by Israel. Further, he accused that State of deflecting blame onto his own through lies and disinformation, as well as diverting attention from its own atrocities in Gaza and the West Bank.
ABDALLAH BOU HABIB, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of Lebanon, underscored the role of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) in providing a sanctuary aiding small States like his to protect their sovereignty and territorial integrity. He went on to state that, 75 years after the establishment of Israel on Palestinian land, displacing half its population to neighbouring countries, temporary solutions are still being sought when conflict resurfaces, as was most recently the case on 7 October. Only a solution to the Palestinian question will open the door to security, he said, calling on the international community to prevail on Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian, Lebanese and Syrian land, in line with relevant resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative of 2002. Today, Israel threatens to continue its “reckless war” without a vision for sustainable peace, turning Gaza into ashes to eliminate Hamas, he said, deploring the “carte blanche” given to the blind killing of Palestinian civilians by the West.
He went on to voice alarm about the escalation of the security situation in the Red Sea posing threats to the freedom of navigation and regional peace. Any miscalculation threatens to drag the region back into the Stone Age, as threatened by a high Israeli official, he added, noting that his country seeks to prevent war and to dissuade stakeholders from succumbing to Israel’s trap, seeking to expand it. Lebanon does not want war; it had been through 15 years of war and learned from those tragedies, he said. Until 7 October, there had been no military operations around the Blue Line, he said, underscoring the need to implement Council resolution 1701 (2006) with clear international guarantees. He also called on Israel to withdraw from internationally recognized borders; to cease its violations of his country’s sovereignty by air, land and sea, which has happened 30,000 times since 2006; to facilitate the return of those displaced who crossed the border since 7 October; and to stop the war on Gaza.
ESPEN BARTH EIDE, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Norway, said that the people of Gaza are not only fleeing from bombardment but also suffering from increasing malnutrition, hunger and lack of clean water. “It is a deep humanitarian crisis, one of the most dramatic in recent times,” he added. He also recalled Hamas’ heinous attack on the people of Israel, calling for the immediate release of hostages. Further, he highlighted the struggle of UN and humanitarian workers — many of whom have lost their lives — and emphasized that international humanitarian law must be respected equally across similar situations. Violations are unacceptable.
Calling for a humanitarian ceasefire and radically increased humanitarian efforts, he said: “We cannot only count trucks, but also look at the content, efficiency and access throughout the whole territory of Gaza.” It is of utmost importance to recognize the inalienable right of the Palestinian people to have their own State — “not only in theory, but also in practice” — he said, calling for a credible vision towards such a State, connected to a broader regional peace, with the necessary and legitimate guarantees for both Israel and Palestine. The immense suffering in Gaza and the risk of regional spillover of the conflict presents an opportunity for the international community to come together and help build the State of Palestine, he observed.
RETNO MARSUDI, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia, noting that the Council is mandated to maintain international peace, not to tolerate wars and genocide, urged the organ to stop the horrors faced by Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. “Is over 25,000 people dead with increasing numbers dying from hunger and the freezing cold, including babies and children, too little for us to act?” Recalling the recent statement by Israel’s Prime Minister declaring his opposition to the existence of a Palestinian State, indicating Israel’s objective to eliminate Palestine, she asked whether the Council will remain silent in the face of such intention.
Warning of the threat of a full-blown war in the Middle East, she demanded an immediate and permanent ceasefire. Palestine must be granted full membership in the United Nations, she underscored, noting that this will lay the ground for fair and balanced work on the two-State solution. The flow of arms to Israel must stop, while it must also be held accountable for its actions, she said, adding that “no nation is above the law.”
ALEXANDER SCHALLENBERG, Federal Minister for Europe and International Affairs of Austria, said Hamas’ barbaric terror attacks have brought Gaza and the whole region to the edge of the abyss. No country on Earth would tolerate such a murderous band of extremists in its neighbourhood. Israel has not only the right but also the duty to defend its people. At the same time, there can be no doubt that much more needs to be done to protect civilians in Gaza. More humanitarian aid needs to reach those in need. In the end, this will add to, not detract from, Israel’s security. “As a country with a special historic responsibility, Israel’s security is our guiding principle,” he said, stressing that Hamas is a security threat to Israelis and Palestinians alike.
Peace is possible, he said, stating that normalization of relations delivers political and economic dividends for everyone. Arab partners should not allow themselves to be taken hostage by Hamas. Israel’s long-term security will be best guaranteed by two States living side by side peacefully. The Palestinian Authority needs to finally live up to the rightful expectations of their own people. The international community needs to do more by bringing home all hostages by easing the humanitarian suffering in Gaza, jointly fighting terrorism, and laying the foundations for a life in peace and dignity for Israelis and Palestinians alike.
MOHAMAD HASAN, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, said that Gaza is on the brink of a human-made famine. Starvation is a method of warfare and a war crime. Israel has made sure that no one is safe, not even children. This crisis has introduced a most unwelcome new term into the English language. WCNSF stands for “wounded child, no surviving family”. This is used to describe what is now an everyday sight in Gaza. He demanded an immediate ceasefire and accountability for Israel’s clear violations of international law. There should be no reduction in Palestinian territory. Any attempt to grab their land violates international law and further undermines the prospect of peaceful coexistence.
The world is witnessing a great historical irony in Gaza, he said, noting that the State of Israel was born from the horrors of the Second World War, and yet, for the past 75 years, it has been inflicting the same deliberate destruction on the Palestinian people. Now it is pursuing its premeditated end. This illegal and immoral pogrom of total annihilation should bring Council members to a single decision to recognize what Israel has been doing as genocide. It is time to accept the State of Palestine as a full member of the United Nations.
WALEED EL-KHEREIJI, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia, observed that tensions in the Middle East are increasing as the Israeli war machine continues its attacks on hospitals, homes and places of worship in the Gaza Strip. Noting that 30,000 Palestinians have perished because of the ongoing military escalation, he asked: “How can this tragedy continue with no measure to halt the carnage and collective punishment of defenceless civilians?” The situation’s repercussions on regional security must be contained, as must operations in the Red Sea, he said. Underscoring the need for a lasting solution to tackle the root causes of the crisis, he called on the Council to act to ensure a ceasefire and restore peace.
The rights and dignity of the Palestinian people must be ensured, he went on to say, adding: “How can they hope for a better future and a dignified life under occupation and the war machine?” To this end, he recalled the General Assembly resolution calling for a ceasefire, which reaffirmed the international community’s support for such an outcome. As well, he rejected the linking of operations to self-defence, as well as calls for forced displacement and racist declarations by occupying authorities. The Council must oblige Israel to respect international law and end the suffering, he said, underscoring the need for a credible path towards an independent Palestinian State, allowing security and stability for all.
SHEIKH JARRAH JABER AL-AHMAD AL-SABAH, Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait, deplored that Gaza is witnessing collective punishment, indiscriminate bombing and the killing of innocent civilians. He said he has come to the Council to defend the brotherly Palestinian people and international law. The main reason for the conflict is the existence of an occupation that has no prospects of ending. For sustainable peace and security to be realized, the issue must be resolved under the agreed references and internationally legitimate resolutions, especially the relevant Council resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative of 2002.
He welcomed the step taken by South Africa in submitting a case before the International Court of Justice against Israel for committing genocide against the Palestinian people. Kuwait once again calls on this Council to assume its responsibilities and provide international protection for them. The international community must reject any attempts to displace the Palestinian people and exacerbate the issue of refugees whose rights must be fulfilled. “The passage of time and waves of forced displacement cannot deprive the brotherly Palestinian people of the right to return to their homeland,” he said.
DIEGO MARTÍNEZ BELÍO, State Secretary for Foreign and Global Affairs of Spain, underscored that the international community cannot resign itself to the facts that innocent Palestinian civilians continue to die, that the humanitarian situation in Gaza continues to deteriorate and that Israeli hostages and displaced people within Israel are unable to return to their homes. Women and children account for 70 per cent of fatalities in Gaza, he said, noting that the first priority is to achieve a ceasefire in Gaza. This would allow the release of more hostages, humanitarian relief for the population and the stabilization of the situations in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in southern Lebanon and northern Israel.
He said that, for its part, Spain will maintain its development cooperation with Palestine, further supporting UNRWA and other humanitarian agencies, as well as the Palestinian Authority. Expressing support for Israel’s right to self-defence, he nevertheless emphasized that the country must do so with full respect for international law. There is no excuse for making innocent civilians pay for Hamas’ crimes. The Palestinians have the right to their own State, he asserted, adding that the international community must assume its responsibility and provide the framework with which to realize the two-State solution without further delay. The value of human life and respect for international principles and norms must be universal and must be affirmed equally in all international crises, he added.
The representative of the United Arab Emirates called for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza, adding that it is time for the minority view to cease obstructing its implementation. With one in four people experiencing famine-like conditions in Gaza, there is an urgent need for prioritizing life-saving aid and the safe release of hostages. Likewise, finding pathways to shorter truces is essential for allowing humanitarian aid and services to reach those in need. She further urged to end “dual use” restrictions preventing trucks with basic medical supplies — a deliberate policy causing collective suffering — from being turned away. Any resolution to the conflict must be anchored in the two-State solution, she stressed, noting that this is the only way to end the conflict sustainably and prevent the cycle of violence — inflicted upon both by Israelis and Palestinians — from forever being repeated.
The Permanent Observer of the League of Arab States said that the deteriorating situation in the Arab world portends great danger, attributing it to “the arrogance and ruthlessness of Israel”. Israel is acting impetuously, also due to the Council’s inability to create a political horizon for settling the Palestinian question. The humanitarian tragedy is exacerbated every day in Gaza, the West Bank, Jerusalem and other parts of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, compounded by the use of the veto in the Council to prevent the adoption of a resolution calling for a ceasefire. Israel is utterly determined to use the Council’s weakness to expand the conflict, he stressed.
He noted that, at the meeting requested by Algeria on behalf of the League of Arab States on 12 January 2024, Council members were unanimous in their rejection of Israel’s declared intention to forcibly transfer internally displaced persons to countries in the region. Nevertheless, the Council has not taken any practical measures to stop these plans. Looking forward to the Council adopting — as soon as possible — a clear resolution that calls for an immediate ceasefire and includes specific measures to stop the forcible transfer of Palestinians, he also urged the organ to confront any Israeli attempts to destroy a two-State solution. Such attempts, he said, include remarks by Israel’s Prime Minister opposing the two-State formula and the establishment of an independent Palestinian State.
The representative of Bahrain, speaking on behalf of the Arab Group, expressed concern over Israel’s systemic aggression perpetrated against the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip. It has led to systemic destruction of civilian infrastructure and facilitates, which has exacerbated the suffering of Palestinian civilians who are going through horrific humanitarian conditions. Calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, he underscored the need to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law. The international community should protect civilians and accelerate the delivery of humanitarian assistance without any impediment.
Further, he strongly rejected Israel’s policy of collective punishment imposed on the people in Gaza, rejecting any attempt for forced displacement of Palestinians from their land. He also condemned Israel’s illegal practices in the West Bank, which only exacerbate tensions in the region, and its repeated aggression on Syrian and Lebanese territories. Turning to the just solution to the Palestinian question, he reaffirmed the urgent need to ensure the independence of the State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, and noted that Palestine should be given full membership at the UN. He underscored that peace in the Middle East requires the withdrawal by Israel from all occupied Arab territories, including the occupied Syrian Golan.
The representative of Liechtenstein voiced concern over the massive displacement of the civilian population, the rapidly deteriorating humanitarian situation and the large-scale loss of civilian life. He therefore urged all parties to respect international humanitarian law and to provide humanitarian organizations with unhindered access. Pointing out the Council’s failure to support the widespread call for a ceasefire, he urged timely exploration of avenues for preventative action. The dire humanitarian situation in Gaza — marked by rampant disease and inadequate medical resources — poses significant risks of hunger and famine, he warned, calling on all parties to adhere to their obligations under international humanitarian law. He went on to reiterate support for the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination, emphasizing that the two-State solution is the path to a peaceful, sustainable resolution for the region.
The representative of Mexico urged the international community to take steps to open new humanitarian routes and ease restrictions on aid workers. Given the prolonged hostilities in Gaza and their very serious humanitarian consequences, Mexico and Chile decided to refer the situation in Palestine to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court so that an investigation can commence on the probable commission of crimes. Calling for redoubled efforts to restrict veto use in situations of mass atrocities, she urged States that have not yet done so to join the France-Mexico initiative on the voluntary restriction of such power. It has already garnered the support of 106 States. Further, she expressed her support for the organization of an international conference for comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
The representative of India said that the conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza has been raging for more than 100 days, leading to large-scale loss of civilian life and an alarming humanitarian crisis. It is critical to prevent further escalation and casualties, he stressed. Recalling that the immediate trigger for the conflict was the terror attack on Israel, he emphasized that there is no justification for terrorism and hostage-taking. The ongoing conflict is also impacting the safety of commercial maritime traffic in the Indian Ocean, he pointed out, drawing attention to attacks in India’s vicinity. Underscoring the need to prevent escalation and ensure continued delivery of humanitarian aid, he reiterated India’s support for a two-State solution with due regard to Israel’s security needs.
The representative of New Zealand strongly condemned Hamas’ shocking attacks on Israel, calling for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages held in Gaza. Voicing support for Israel’s right to self-defence, he, nevertheless, underscored that it is obligated to protect civilians and ensure its military action is targeted and proportionate. Israel also has responsibilities under the fourth Geneva Convention to ensure that the civilian population of Gaza has the necessary essentials of life. Civilians, humanitarian actors, health-care workers and journalists must be protected, he pointed out, stressing the need to ensure reliable deconfliction systems for the safe movement of humanitarian actors and goods. “It is unacceptable that denials and burdensome inspection and approvals processes are delaying the delivery of vital, life-saving assistance,” he added. Calling for urgent efforts towards a sustainable ceasefire, he warned against the “alarmingly high” risk of the wider region being further drawn into this conflict and voiced particular concern over the situation along the Blue Line.
The representative of South Africa said that Israel’s atrocities in Palestine violate international law, as did Hamas’ attacks and kidnapping of innocent civilians on 7 October. The ultimate solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the establishment of two States, and he urged that a UN-led peace process commence immediately. For this reason, “all of us must insist on a comprehensive ceasefire”, he said, noting that Israel’s collective punishment of Palestinians has persisted for decades without effective action to safeguard Palestinian lives. International law must be uniformly applied for it to be credible, he observed, highlighting South Africa’s presentation of a case before the International Court of Justice on 11 January to pursue justice for the people of Palestine. The request seeks provisional measures, including an order for Israel to halt its military campaign in Gaza, he noted.
The representative of the Philippines expressed support for the full, immediate implementation of the resolution concerning protecting civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations adopted at the tenth Emergency Special Session of the General Assembly; of resolution 2712 (2023), regarding urgent and extended humanitarian pauses and corridors in Gaza; and of resolution 2720 (2023), calling for scaling up and monitoring humanitarian aid going into Gaza. He also reiterated his country’s firm support for a two-State solution in harmony with past international agreements and pertinent United Nations resolutions. Both Israelis and Palestinians deserve a future where their rights, aspirations and security are recognized and upheld, he added.
The representative of Germany condemned Hamas’ brutal and indiscriminate terrorist attacks across Israel on and since 7 October 2023, noting that Israel has the right to defend itself. At the same time, she voiced concern over the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza. “To be clear: Life in Gaza is hell”, she asserted, adding that the suffering of so many innocent civilians must end and calling on Israel’s military to better protect them. Also, increased and extended humanitarian pauses, improved humanitarian access and new border-openings to facilitate the distribution of aid to people in need are urgently needed. The international community must pave the way for a sustainable ceasefire leading to lasting peace based on a two-State solution, she said.
The representative of Morocco condemned the distressing humanitarian situation in Gaza resulting from the Israeli military operation, which violates international humanitarian and legal norms. Calling for an end to the Israeli military aggression, he underscored the need for unimpeded humanitarian assistance, substantial quantities of aid delivery and the release of hostages and prisoners. He also acknowledged the Council’s adoption of two resolutions addressing the humanitarian crisis, commending the prompt implementation of resolution 2720 (2023) through the appointment of the Senior Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza. Highlighting Morocco’s commitment to the Palestinian cause, he pointed out his country’s provision of humanitarian aid through the Rafah crossing and of financial assistance for Palestinian students studying in the country. He further called for the maintenance of the legal status quo in Jerusalem, emphasizing its significance as a symbol of coexistence among the three monotheistic religions.
The representative of Pakistan said that the past three months marked the most brutal slaughter of civilians in the twenty-first century, adding that such indiscriminate killing of innocents and the suffering imposed on the population amounted to genocide, as South Africa’s case has asserted at the International Court of Justice. Despite two General Assembly resolutions and near-unanimous votes of the Council, the international community has failed to stop the ongoing genocide. Unless the war machine is stopped, the conflict threatens to engulf many nations in the region, he warned. Israel’s extremist leaders are continuing their brutal war and rejecting a Palestinian State, consigning the Middle East to perpetual conflict, he said, calling on the Council to consider measures to reverse a “wanton rejection of peace” and to adopt a resolution bringing about a cessation of hostilities. If Israel’s leadership refuses peace, the Council and the General Assembly must take steps to hold them accountable, he said, noting precedents to persuade Member States to comply with decisions of the Council and General Assembly.
The representative of Libya, noting Israel’s criticism of the United Nations, wondered why that country even participates in sessions like today’s, and why it does not withdraw from the Organization. The General Assembly recently adopted a resolution with an overwhelming majority to reach a ceasefire. The Council has also adopted a resolution on coordinating the delivery of humanitarian aid to Gaza. However, the results are none. Despite repeated meetings, the reality has not changed. There is no safe place in Gaza. A United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) office has been used as a graveyard to bury the victims because families have not found any other place to do so. “Where’s your conscience?”, he asked, noting that history registers all these failures. Those who remained silent before these massacres also remained silent before the deliberate killing of women and children. “This is a disgrace for humanity,” he said.
The representative of Belgium, also speaking for the Netherlands and Luxembourg and aligning with the European Union, voiced concern over the dire humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and its grave impact on the civilian population, especially its disproportionate effect on children. With regard to acute food insecurity, he stressed that all relevant border crossings and all other feasible options must be fully used. Further, humanitarian actors should have full, unimpeded and safe access to the whole of Gaza, notably via safe corridors throughout the Strip.
He also stressed that aid deliveries to Gaza must be drastically increased, adding that clearing and monitoring procedures need to be simplified to enable efficient delivery of assistance. The restoration of a functioning market, allowing for essential supplies to enter Gaza and private actors to operate there, should also be a priority. Moreover, he emphasized that the focus should be to implement an immediate temporary humanitarian ceasefire and to create the conditions for a sustainable cessation of hostilities.
The representative of Egypt, aligning himself with the Arab Group, said that the war in Gaza has resulted in atrocities not witnessed by humankind for centuries. It has spared nobody — not even the dead, whose tombs were defaced and bodies exhumed. Calling for an immediate end to the war, which risks spilling over, he added that the situation in the Red Sea cannot be addressed separately from the war in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. He therefore reiterated his call for an immediate ceasefire and for the implementation of resolution 2720 (2023). Those who believed that occupation was viable and that security concerns could be addressed through military means alone were misled, he said, underscoring the need for the “sole solution” to be revisited: the establishment of a Palestinian State with East Jerusalem as its capital. He added that there is international consensus around this solution, and only one dissenting voice — Israel’s.
The representative of Namibia, speaking on behalf of the Chair of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People, stated that the Gaza Strip has been subjected to one of the most intense bombardments in modern history, killing over 25,000 Palestinians, most of whom were women and children; denying access to essential supplies, causing starvation; as well as destroying vital civilian infrastructure, including homes and hospitals. Against this backdrop, she echoed the calls to overcome inertia and push for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire and the unconditional release of all hostages and detainees. As well, she emphasized the need for all parties to adhere to international law, including relevant resolutions passed by the Security Council and General Assembly. Israel’s indiscriminate attacks had consistently breached the distinction between civilians and combatants and had also consistently breached its obligations as the occupying Power under the Fourth Geneva Convention, she said, spotlighting disturbing reports and images of torture and the cruel treatment of Palestinian prisoners.
Thousands of Palestinians, including children, had been detained over the past three months, she went on, underscoring that journalists and their family members must not be targets for attacks or reprisals. As well, she voiced concern that, despite pertinent resolutions, humanitarian relief access was severely limited, and that so-called “safety zones” where civilians were forced to flee are further subjected to Israeli attacks. Repeated calls by Israeli ministers to forcibly transfer the Palestinian civilian population out of Gaza are abhorrent and must be prevented, as such transfer would constitute a war crime, she emphasized, also voicing alarm over the escalating violence by Israeli forces and settlers in the occupied West Bank. Welcoming South Africa’s application instituting proceedings at the International Court of Justice against Israel, asking for immediate provisional measures to prevent violations of the Genocide Convention in Gaza, she said: “We must not succumb to exceptionalism, double standards or international omertá.”
The representative of the European Union, in its capacity as observer, called for the immediate implementation of resolutions 2712 (2023) and 2720 (2023). Welcoming Israel’s decision to open the Kerem Shalom border crossing, as well as the role that Egypt and other regional partners play in providing aid to those in need, he stressed that rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access is an obligation under international law. The bloc will continue supporting those civilians most in need in Gaza, and it has already earmarked an initial €125 million for humanitarian aid in 2024. Individually, its member States have provided financial support of more than €600 million for the Occupied Palestinian Territory since 7 October 2023.
Israel has the right to defend itself, he went on to say, but added that military operations must be proportionate and in line with international humanitarian and human-rights law. For its part, the European Union is ready to contribute to reviving a political process, including through its “Peace Day Effort”, and welcomes diplomatic, peace and security initiatives. The bloc also supports the holding of an international peace conference and is already engaging with its partners in the region and beyond towards revitalizing a political horizon — including at a meeting between foreign ministers on 22 January 2024, he said.
The representative of Thailand, pointing out the deteriorating situation in the Middle East exacerbated by increased risks of regional spill-over, emphasized the pressing need for an immediate resumption of a humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza. He strongly condemned the escalating toll on Gaza’s civilians and rejected any actions leading to their forced displacement or transfer. While acknowledging diplomatic efforts that secured the release of some hostages, including 23 Thai nationals, during the temporary ceasefire in 2023, he expressed grave concerns for the safety of the remaining hostages, adding “let all hostages return home”. To enact the newly adopted Security Council resolutions, there is a need for strong political commitment to achieve a ceasefire, prevent regional escalation and sustain authentic dialogue and diplomacy, he added. He further appealed to the Security Council to do its utmost to support peaceful initiatives, contributing to the establishment of peace and security in the Middle East.
The representative of Qatar highlighted her country’s diplomatic efforts, undertaken at the highest levels with regional and international partners, to end the war, ensure the delivery of sufficient and continuous humanitarian assistance, release prisoners and hostages and prevent regional escalation. Thanks to Qatar’s mediation efforts alongside the United States and Egypt, a humanitarian pause was reached in November 2023 that allowed the delivery of aid as well as the release of both hundreds of women and children detained in Gaza and Palestinian prisoners. Further, she pointed out that Qatar and France succeeded in reaching an agreement between Israel and Hamas to deliver medicine and humanitarian assistance to civilians in Gaza, especially those in the most affected areas.
The representative of Viet Nam stated that the staggering toll of the conflict in Gaza, which had killed 25,000 Palestinians, predominantly women and children, underscored the need for an immediate ceasefire. Voicing alarm over substantial damage to civilian infrastructure, the displacement of the majority of the population and acute shortages of basic necessities, he condemned all indiscriminate attacks against civilians and essential infrastructure. Against this backdrop, he said the Council’s response has been insufficient, adding that the resolutions it had adopted had not stemmed the tide of destruction and suffering. He urged the Council to urgently address the crisis by protecting civilians and ensuring the provision of humanitarian assistance. He underscored the need to maintain regional stability and reiterated his country’s support for a two-State solution, as a cornerstone of sustainable peace in the Middle East.
The representative of Australia condemned Hamas’ attacks on Israel and called for the immediate, unconditional release of all hostages. “Israel has the right to defend itself; however, the way it does so matters,” he observed, urging for safe and unimpeded humanitarian access. He also advocated for further humanitarian pauses to enable the scaled-up delivery of aid, safe passage for civilians and the release of hostages. Citing humanitarian pauses as “important steps” on the path to a sustainable ceasefire, he underscored that “no ceasefire can be one-sided, and no ceasefire can be unconditional”. Any solution in Gaza must not involve the forcible displacement of the Palestinian people, nor the use of Gaza as a platform for terrorism. Stressing the need to prevent regional escalation, he condemned Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, which constitute a threat to navigational rights and freedoms, international commerce and maritime security.