RESOLUTIONS ON INDIAN OCEAN, SCIENCE AND SECURITY, ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS APPROVED BY RECORDED VOTE IN DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE
Press Release
GA/DIS/3159
RESOLUTIONS ON INDIAN OCEAN, SCIENCE AND SECURITY, ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS APPROVED BY RECORDED VOTE IN DISARMAMENT COMMITTEE
19991102Texts Also Approved on Mediterranean, Threats to Information, Disarmament and Development, Practical Disarmament, Security Declaration
The General Assembly would reiterate its conviction that the participation of all the permanent members of the Security Council and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean in the work of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean would greatly facilitate the development of a mutually beneficial dialogue to advance peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region, according to one of seven draft resolutions and one draft decision approved this morning in the First Committee (Disarmament and International Security).
Speaking in explanation of a vote on the Indian Ocean text, which was approved by a recorded vote of 105 in favour to 3 against (France, United States, United Kingdom), with 36 abstentions, the United States representative said he had opposed the draft because it had failed to recognize navigational rights as reflected in United Nations Law of the Sea. Those rights must be explicitly acknowledged. In addition, the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean had financially burdened the United Nations. (For details of the vote see Annex II).
By a recorded vote of 84 in favour to 45 against, with 15 abstentions, the Committee approved a text by which the Assembly would affirm that scientific and technological progress should be used for the benefit of all mankind to promote sustainable economic and social development and to safeguard international security. In that connection, the Assembly would urge Member States to undertake multilateral negotiations in order to establish universally acceptable, non-discriminatory guidelines for international transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technology with military applications. (Annex I).
A draft resolution on the observance of environmental norms in disarmament and arms control agreements would have the Assembly call on States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures to ensure the application of scientific and technological progress in the framework of international security and disarmament,
First Committee - 1a - Press Release GA/DIS/3159 22nd Meeting (AM) 2 November 1999
without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development. The draft was approved by a vote of 138 in favour to none against, with 4 abstentions (France, Israel, United States, United Kingdom). (Annex III).
Another draft resolution approved without a vote on disarmament and development, would have the Assembly urge the international community to devote part of the resources gained from disarmament and arms limitation agreements to economic and social development, with a view to reducing the ever widening gap between developed and developing countries.
Under a further text approved without a vote, the Assembly would call on Member States to further promote, at multilateral levels, the consideration of existing and potential threats in the field of information and telecommunications in the context of international security. The Assembly would invite all Member States to inform the Secretary-General of their views on, among other issues, unauthorized interference with or misuse of information and telecommunications.
Also acting without a vote, the Committee approved a draft text on the consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures, which would have the Assembly welcome the adoption in 1999 by the Disarmament Commission of guidelines on conventional arms control, limitation and disarmament, and stress their particular relevance in the context of the current draft resolution.
A draft resolution on strengthening security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region, also approved without a vote, would have the Assembly reaffirm that security in the Mediterranean was closely linked to European security, as well as to international peace and security. It would call on all States of the region to adhere to all the multilaterally negotiated legal instruments related to the field of disarmament and non-proliferation, thus creating the necessary conditions for strengthening regional peace and cooperation.
According to a draft decision approved without a vote, the Assembly would decide to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty- sixth session an item entitled Review of the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security.
Statements on drafts were made by the representatives of Mexico, Finland and Iraq. Texts were introduced by the representatives of Japan and the Russian Federation.
The Committee will meet again at 10 a.m. Thursday, 4 November, to continue taking action on all disarmament- and security-related drafts.
Committee Work Programme
The First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) met this morning to continue taking action on disarmament- and security-related draft resolutions. It was also expected to hear the introduction of two draft resolutions on: preservation of and compliance with the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (Anti-Ballistic (ABM) Treaty); and small arms.
The Committee had before it 5 drafts on other disarmament measures, one on related matters of disarmament and international security, and two on international security.
According to the draft resolution sponsored by Belarus, China and the Russian Federation, on the ABM Treaty (document A/C.1/54/L.1/Rev.1), the Assembly, recognizing the historic role of the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the United States of 26 May 1972 as the cornerstone for maintaining international peace and security and strategic stability, would call for continued efforts to strengthen the Treaty and to preserve its integrity and validity so that it remained a cornerstone of global strategic stability and world peace and in promoting further strategic nuclear arms reductions.
In a related provision, the Assembly would call for renewed efforts by each of the States parties to the ABM Treaty to preserve and strengthen it through full and strict compliance. It would also call on the parties to the Treaty to limit the deployment of anti-ballistic missile systems and to refrain from the deployment of anti-ballistic missile systems for a defence of their territory. It would further call on them not to provide a base for such a defence and not to transfer to other States or to deploy outside its national territory, ABM systems or their components limited by the Treaty.
The Assembly would consider that the implementation of any measure undermining the purposes and provisions of the Treaty would also undermine global strategic stability and world peace and the promotion of further strategic nuclear arms reductions. The Assembly would support further efforts by the international community in the light of emerging developments with the goal of safeguarding the inviolability and integrity of the ABM Treaty in which the international community bore strong interest. It would decide to include the item in the provisional agenda of the its fifty-fifth session.
By the terms of a draft resolution on small arms (document A/C.1/54/L.42/Rev.1*), the Assembly would decide to convene the conference on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects in Geneva in June/July 2001. The Assembly would also decide that the scope of the conference would be the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects.
The Assembly would further decide to establish a Preparatory Committee, open to participation by all States, with the participation as observers of the United Nations specialized agencies, other relevant international organizations and others to be determined by the Preparatory Committee, which would hold no less than three sessions, with its first session to be held in New York, from 28 February to 3 March 2000. The Assembly would request the Preparatory Committee to decide, at its first session, on the date and venue of the 2001 conference, as well as on the dates and venue of its subsequent sessions.
By further terms of the text, all Member States would be invited to respond to the Secretary-Generals note verbal of 20 January, to communicate to him their views on the agenda and other relevant questions relating to the conference.
In a related provision, the Assembly would endorse the report of the Secretary-General on small arms, prepared with the assistance of the Group of Governmental Experts on Small Arms, and call upon all Member States to implement the relevant recommendations contained in that report to the extent possible and where necessary in cooperation with appropriate international and regional organizations and/or through international and regional cooperation.
The draft resolution is sponsored by Australia, Benin, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte dIvoire, Croatia, Ecuador, Greece, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mexico, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, San Marino, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Thailand, Turkey, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo and Zambia.
According to a draft text on information and telecommunications in the context of international security (document A/C.1/54/L.4), sponsored by the Russian Federation, the Assembly would call Member States to further promote, at multilateral levels, the consideration of existing and potential threats in the field of information security.
The Assembly would invite all Member States to inform the Secretary-General of their views on the following questions: general appreciation of the issues of information security; definition of basic notions related to information security, including unauthorized interference with or misuse of information and telecommunications systems and information resources; and the advisability of developing international principles that would enhance the security of global information and telecommunications systems and help to combat information terrorism and criminality.
Under a text sponsored by Algeria on strengthening security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region (document A/C.1/54/L.15), the Assembly would reaffirm that security in the Mediterranean was closely linked to European security, as well as to international peace and security. It would call on all States of the region to adhere to all the multilaterally-negotiated legal instruments related to the field of disarmament and non-proliferation, thus creating the necessary conditions for strengthening peace and cooperation in the region. It would encourage those States to build confidence by promoting genuine openness and transparency on all military matters by participating in, among other things, the United Nations system for the standardized reporting of military expenditures and by providing accurate data to the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms.
The Assembly would also encourage those countries to strengthen their cooperation in combating terrorism, which seriously threatened regional peace, security and stability, in order to improve the current political, economic and social situation. It would commend their efforts in meeting common challenges and encourage them to strengthen such efforts through a lasting multilateral and action-oriented dialogue among States of the region.
The Assembly would express its satisfaction at the continuing efforts by those countries to eliminate the cause of regional tension and promote just and lasting solutions to the persistent regional problems through peaceful means, thus ensuring the withdrawal of foreign forces of occupation and respecting the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all Mediterranean countries and the right of peoples to self-determination. It would call for full adherence to the principles of non-interference, non-intervention, non-use of force or threat of use of force and the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, in accordance with the United Nations Charter and the relevant United Nations resolutions.
Under a draft text on the consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures (document A/C.1/54/L.20), the Assembly would welcome the adoption by consensus of the guidelines on conventional arms control, limitation and disarmament, with particular emphasis on the consolidation of peace, at the 1999 substantive session of the Disarmament Commission. The Assembly would stress the particular relevance of those guidelines in the context of the present draft resolution.
The Assembly would take note of the report of the Secretary-General on the consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures and, once again, encourage Member States, as well as regional arrangements and agencies, to lend their support to the implementation of his recommendations.
It would welcome the activities undertaken by the Group of Interested States that was formed in New York in March 1998, and invite the Group to continue to analyze lessons learned from previous disarmament and peace-building projects, as well as to promote new practical disarmament measures to consolidate peace, especially as undertaken or designed by affected States themselves.
In a related provision, the Assembly would encourage Member States, including the Group of Interested States, to support the Secretary-General in responding to requests by Member States to collect and destroy small arms and light weapons in post-conflict situations.
The draft resolution is sponsored by Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, Costa Rica, Côte dIvoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Monaco, Mozambique, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, San Marino, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay and Venezuela.
By the terms of a draft text on the role of science and technology in the context of international security (document A/C.1/54/L.32), the Assembly would affirm that scientific and technological progress should be used for the benefit of all mankind to promote the sustainable economic and social development of all States and to safeguard international security. In that connection, it would urge Member States to undertake multilateral negotiations with the participation of all interested States in order to establish universally acceptable, non-discriminatory guidelines for international transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technology with military applications.
In a related provision, the Assembly would invite Member States to undertake additional efforts to apply science and technology for disarmament-related purposes and to make such technologies available to interested States. United Nations bodies would be encouraged to contribute, within existing mandates, to promote the application of science and technology for peaceful purposes.
The draft resolution is sponsored by Bangladesh, Bhutan, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Viet Nam.
A draft resolution on the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace (document A/C.1/54/L.45) would have the Assembly reiterate its conviction that the participation of all the permanent members of the Security Council, and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean, in the work of the ad hoc committee was important and would greatly facilitate the development of a mutually beneficial dialogue to advance peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region. The Assembly would request the Chairman of the ad hoc committee to continue his informal consultations with the members of the Committee and to report through it to the General Assembly at its fifty-sixth session.
The draft resolution is sponsored by South Africa on behalf of the Non- Aligned Movement.
Another draft resolution sponsored by South Africa on behalf of the Non- Aligned Movement on observance of environmental norms in disarmament and arms control agreements (document A/C.1/54/L.46) would have the Assembly call upon States to adopt unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures so as to contribute to ensuring the application of scientific and technological progress in the framework of international security, disarmament and other related spheres, without detriment to the environment or to its effective contribution to attaining sustainable development.
The Assembly would reaffirm that international disarmament forums should take fully into account the relevant environmental norms in negotiating treaties and agreements on disarmament and arms limitation and that all States, through their actions, should fully contribute to ensuring compliance with those norms in the implementation of treaties to which they were parties. All Member States would be invited to communicate to the Secretary-General information on the measures they had adopted to promote the objectives envisaged in the present draft. The Secretary-General would be requested to submit a report containing that information to the Assembly at its fifty-fifth session.
A third draft resolution sponsored by South Africa on behalf of the Non- Aligned Movement on the relationship between disarmament and development (document A/C.1/54/L.47) would have the Assembly urge the international community to devote part of the resources gained from disarmament and arms limitation agreements to economic and social development, with a view to reducing the ever-widening gap between developed and developing countries.
The Assembly would invite all Member States to communicate to the Secretary- General, by 15 April 2000 on the implementation of the Action Programme adopted at the International Conference on the Relationship between Disarmament and Development, as well as any other views and proposals with a view to achieving the goals of the Action Programme. It would request the Secretary-General to continue to take action, through appropriate organs and within available resources, for the implementation of that Action Programme.
A draft decision, also sponsored by South Africa on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, on the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security (document A/C.1/54/L.50) would have the Assembly decide to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-sixth session the item entitled Review of the implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security.
Introduction of Revised Drafts
AKIRA HAYASHI (Japan) introduced the revised draft resolution on small arms (document A/C.1/54/L.42/Rev.1). He said co-sponsors and interested delegations had conducted intensive consultations on the original draft. The revised version had incorporated several amendments, taking into account the outcome of those consultations. Agreement could not be reached, at this stage, on the venue of the United Nations conference on the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, to be held in June/July 2001. Therefore, the reference to the venue had been deleted from the first operative paragraph and a phrase had been introduced in the new operative paragraph 5 stating that the matter would be decided at the first session of the preparatory committee.
He said that several new operative paragraphs had been inserted, namely operative paragraphs 4,6 and 12. Further, the original operative paragraphs 10 and 14 (a) had been amended so as to reflect the views of various delegations. Hopefully, like last year, the text would be adopted with overwhelming majority.
ANATOLY ANTONOV (Russian Federation) said he wished to clarify the revised version of the draft resolution, on the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems -- the ABM text. The draft had been introduced by Belarus, China and his own country. As he had stated earlier, the draft was balanced and not controversial. As such, it deserved the widest possible support. Its sponsors had made every effort to hold broad consultations. The text had restated and reaffirmed the importance today of preservation of and compliance with the ABM Treaty.
He said that consultations had been held over the past few days, resulting in significant changes to the draft. All had been made in a spirit of good will, with the interest of enshrining and reflecting every positive contribution and change, while maintaining the thrust of the original draft. It was now a more solid and more logical text and more accurately took into account the environment in which the Treaty had been applied. Some corrections had been made to bring the draft closer to actual text of the ABM Treaty. The draft had also included an additional comment in operative paragraph 1, which was a direct quote from the Security Council meeting of Foreign Ministers with the Secretary-General on 23 September.
He said he wished to emphasize that the co-sponsors had shown the utmost flexibility and had considered, in the wording, a great number of proposed amendments. What had been circulated today had been the definitive version of the draft. Hopefully, during the vote on the text on 4 November, the revised version would be even more widely supported.
The representative of Guinea said that if her delegation had been present yesterday for the voting on the draft on conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels (document A/C.1/54/L. 37), it would have voted in favour of the draft.
Action on Texts
The draft resolution on developments in the field of information and telecommunications (document A/C.1/54/L.4) was approved without a vote. The Committee Secretary announced that Guyana had become a co-sponsor.
The representative of Mexico said that while developments in the field of technology did not directly relate to disarmament and security issues, they might indeed have an impact on verification and therefore were relevant, which is why he did not object to the text.
The draft resolution on the role of science and technology in the context of international security (document A/C.1/54/L.32) was approved by a vote of 84 in favour to 45 against, with 15 abstentions. (For details of the vote, see Annex I.)
The draft resolution on implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace (document A/C.1/54/L.45) was approved by a vote of 105 in favour to three against (France, United States, United Kingdom) and 36 abstentions (Annex II).
The representative of the United States said his country was compelled to vote against the draft. Like its predecessors, the text failed to recognize navigational rights and freedoms as reflected in the United Nations Law of the Sea. Those rights must be explicitly acknowledged. He was also concerned by the financial burden placed on the United Nations by the ad hoc committee on the Indian Ocean. While no one denied that peace and security discussions in the region were important, they needed to be addressed in a financially responsible manner and in an appropriate regional forum.
The draft resolution on observance of environmental norms in the disarmament agreements (document A/C.1/54/L.46) was approved by a vote of 138 in favour to none against, with 4 abstentions (France, Israel, United States, United Kingdom) (Annex III).
Speaking on explanation after the vote, the representative of the United States said that he was confused about the purpose and object of the text and questioned its relevance to the work of the First committee. Of course, those disarmament agreements should be carried out with strict concerns to environmental protection, but he did not see any direct connection between environmental standards and intricate multilateral disarmament issues. His country had, therefore, abstained.
The draft resolution on the relationship between disarmament and development (document A/C.1/54/L.47) was approved without a vote.
The representative of the United States wished the record to reflect that his country did not participate in the consensus. He said his Government rejected the linkage of disarmament and development and did not or would not see itself as bound by the resolutions of the Conference on disarmament and development.
The representative of Finland, on behalf of the European Union and the Eastern European Countries associated with it, said that while there was not any simple link between the complex issues of disarmament and development, they had joined the consensus on the draft text.
The representative of Iraq said United Nations resolutions, the last of which was 53/77 E, had reaffirmed the contribution by all States to ensure the observance of environmental norms in the implementation of agreements. A careful review of compliance of that commitment had indicated that there were two States that were permanent members of the Security Council, namely the United States and the United Kingdom, that had intentionally violated their commitment under United Nations and international conference resolutions on the preservation of the environment. They had also violated their commitment under disarmament control agreements. Through their use, more than once, of depleted uranium, those countries had used more than 300 tonnes of depleted uranium in their act of aggression against Iraq in 1991. They had repeatedly used that substance against Yugoslavia in 1999.
He said that the use of depleted uranium had had catastrophic implications for humanity and the environment in Iraq. That catastrophic effect would continue through the generations, because the lifetime of that radioactive weapon was 4.5 billion years. The international community, the primarily the Conference on Disarmament, should conclude an international convention prohibiting the use of depleted uranium in armaments. International conventions in effect had to be promoted and reinforced through additional measures, taking into account that some parties had ignored their commitment to observe environmental norms. He would reaffirm the legal responsibility of the United Kingdom and the United States for all the consequences caused by the use of depleted uranium in the act of aggression against Iraq.
Turning to the category of related matters of disarmament and international security, the Committee next took action on the draft on consolidation of peace through practical disarmament measures (document A/C.1/54/L.20), and approved the text without a vote.
Prior to that action, the Committee Secretary had announced that Hungary had become a co-sponsor of the text.
Under the category of drafts on international security, the Committee then approved the draft resolution on strengthening of security and cooperation in the Mediterranean region (document A/C.1/54/L.15), without a vote.
Prior to the vote, the Committee Secretary had announced that Bosnia and Herzegovina had joined the co-sponsor of the text.
Also acting without a vote, the Committee approved the draft resolution on implementation of the Declaration on the Strengthening of International Security (document A/C.1/54/L.50).
(annexes follow)
ANNEX I
Vote on Role of Science and Technology
The draft resolution on the role of science and technology in the context of international security and development (document A/C.1/54/L.32) was approved by a recorded vote of 84 in favour to 45 against, with 15 abstentions as follows:
In favour: Algeria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte dIvoire, Cuba, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Against: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Federated States of Micronesia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Samoa, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, United Kingdom ,United States.
Abstain: Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Georgia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uruguay.
Absent: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Cambodia, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Dominica, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Jordan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tajikistan, Tonga, Uzbekistan, Yemen.
(END OF ANNEX I)
ANNEX II
Vote on Environmental Norms
The draft resolution on environmental norms in the implementation of disarmament agreements (document A/C.1/54/L.46) was approved by a recorded vote of 138 in favour to none against, with 4 abstentions, as follows:
In favour: Algeria, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte dIvoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Thailand, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Against: None.
Abstain: France, Israel, United Kingdom, United States.
Absent: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Jordan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Palau, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tajikistan, Tonga, Uzbekistan.
(END OF ANNEX II)
ANNEX III
Vote on Declaration on Indian Ocean
The draft resolution on implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace (document A/C.1/54/L.45) was approved by a recorded vote of 105 in favour to 3 against, with 36 abstentions, as follows:
In favour: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Côte dIvoire, Cuba, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Quatar, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Samoa, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Against: France, United Kingdom, United States.
Abstain: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Federated States of Micronesia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey.
Absent: Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Cambodia, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, Dominica, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Jordan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, Palau, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tajikistan, Tonga, Uzbekistan.
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